Harnessing cancer stem cell-derived exosomes to improve cancer therapy.
Harnessing cancer stem cell-derived exosomes to improve cancer therapy.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13046-023-02717-x
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发表时间：
2023-05-23
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中科院分区：
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肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤发生、发展、转移和复发的关键“种子”。由于肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤发生、发展中的重要作用，肿瘤干细胞的研究日益深入，肿瘤干细胞已成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。携带广泛的DNA、RNA、脂质、代谢物以及胞质和细胞表面蛋白的外来体通过多泡内体或多泡体与质膜的融合而释放到起源细胞的外部。很明显，CSC衍生的外泌体在几乎所有癌症的“标志”中发挥着重要作用。例如，来自CSC的外泌体可以在肿瘤微环境中维持稳定的自我更新状态，并调节微环境细胞或远端细胞，以帮助癌细胞逃避免疫监视并诱导免疫耐受。然而，CSC来源的外泌体的功能和治疗价值以及潜在的分子机制仍然在很大程度上不确定。为了概述CSC来源的外泌体的可能作用和靶向策略，我们总结了相关研究进展，强调了检测或靶向CSC来源的外泌体对癌症治疗的潜在影响，并根据我们在该研究领域的经验和见解讨论了机遇和挑战。对CSC来源的外泌体的特征和功能的更深入了解可能为开发新的临床诊断/预后工具和治疗开辟新的途径，以防止肿瘤耐药性和复发。
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key “seeds” for tumor initiation and development, metastasis, and recurrence. Because of the function of CSCs in tumor development and progression, research in this field has intensified and CSCs are viewed as a new therapeutic target. Exosomes carrying a wide range of DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins are released outside of the originating cells through the fusion of multivesicular endosomes or multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. It has become evident that CSC‐derived exosomes play a significant role in almost all “hallmarks” of cancer. For example, exosomes from CSCs can maintain a steady state of self-renewal in the tumor microenvironment and regulate microenvironmental cells or distant cells to help cancer cells escape immune surveillance and induce immune tolerance. However, the function and therapeutic value of CSC‐derived exosomes and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely undefined. To provide an overview of the possible role of CSC‐derived exosomes and targeting strategies, we summarize relevant research progress, highlight the potential impact of detecting or targeting CSC‐derived exosomes on cancer treatment, and discuss opportunities and challenges based on our experience and insights in this research area. A more thorough understanding of the characteristics and function of CSC‐derived exosomes may open new avenues to the development of new clinical diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapies to prevent tumor resistance and relapse.
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