How changing life roles predict eating disorder pathology over 30-year follow-up.
How changing life roles predict eating disorder pathology over 30-year follow-up.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000669
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Keel PK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wick MR;Brown TA;Fitzgerald EH;Keel PK
流行病学数据表明，中年饮食失调的患病率比之前认为的要高。然而，很少有研究探讨成人发育特有的风险因素。本研究探讨了参与者从二十多岁过渡到五十多岁时，生活角色（教育、婚姻和父母状况）的变化如何预测饮食失调。参与者（N=624 名女性和 N=276 名男性）在大学期间以及 10 年、20 年和 30 年随访时完成了基线评估，其中 72% 的女性和 67% 的男性完成了 30 年随访。多层次模型研究了生活角色的变化如何预测饮食失调的变化。对于女性来说，获得研究生学位最初预示着饮食病理学的减少，但随着时间的推移，预示着“减肥动力”的增加。男性的饮食病理学并未因获得研究生学位而受到影响。婚姻状况的变化表明，无论性别，都与饮食失调没有显着关联。成为父母后，在随后的评估中预计“瘦身动力”会显着下降，但不会随着年龄的增长而进一步下降；而那些从未生过孩子的人，随着年龄的增长，瘦身欲望和暴食症都显着下降。对于女性和男性来说，成为父母可能会降低体形和体重作为自我评价来源的重要性。然而，根据成人发育阶段的最新概念，获得高级学位的女性和父母可能会经历与“职业和护理紧缩”相关的饮食病理学变化。在独立复制之前，未来的研究可能会为那些角色转变导致中年饮食失调风险更大的人设计干预措施。在成人发展的过程中，生活角色的变化预示着饮食失调的变化，并且某些影响在女性和男性之间有所不同。成为父母与女性和男性饮食病理学的变化有关。而获得研究生学位可以预测女性饮食失调的变化，但不能预测男性。
Epidemiological data support higher prevalence of eating disorders in midlife than previously believed. Yet, few studies have examined risk factors unique to adult development. The present study examined how changes in life roles (educational, marital, and parental status) predicted disordered eating as participants transitioned from their twenties to their fifties. Participants (N=624 women and N=276 men) completed baseline assessments in college and at 10-, 20-, and 30-year follow-up, with 72% of women and 67% of men completing 30-year follow-up. Multilevel models examined how changes in life roles predicted changes in disordered eating. For women, obtaining a graduate degree predicted decreased eating pathology initially, but over time predicted subsequent increases in Drive for Thinness. Men’s eating pathology was not affected by obtaining a graduate degree. Changes in marital status demonstrated no significant association with disordered eating for either gender. Becoming a parent predicted a significant decrease in Drive for Thinness at the subsequent assessment but no further declines with age; whereas those who never had children showed significant decreases in both Drive for Thinness and Bulimia with age. For both women and men, becoming a parent may decrease the importance of shape and weight as sources of self-evaluation. However, women obtaining advanced degrees and parents may experience shifts in eating pathology related to the “Career-and-Care-Crunch” according to recent conceptualization of adult developmental stages. Pending independent replication, future research might design interventions for those whose role transitions put them at greater risk for disordered eating during midlife. Over the course of adult development, changing life roles predict changes in disordered eating, and some effects differ between women and men. Becoming a parent is linked to changes in eating pathology in both women and men; whereas obtaining a graduate degree predicted changes in disordered eating for women but not men.
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