Fire-Generated Tornadic Vortices

Fire-Generated Tornadic Vortices
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火焰产生的龙卷风漩涡

DOI:
10.1175/bams-d-21-0199.1
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Wallman, James
Wallman, James
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lareau, Neil P.;Nauslar, Nicholas J.;Bentley, Evan;Roberts, Matthew;Emmerson, Samuel;Brong, Brian;Mehle, Matthew;Wallman, James

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火产生的龙卷风(FGTV)与深焦对流有关,包括pyrocumulonimbi(pyroCbs),是一种潜在的致命的,但知之甚少的野火危险。在这项研究中,我们使用雷达和卫星观测来研究加州2020年火灾季节高影响野火期间的三个FGTV案例。我们确定,这些FGTV都表现出龙卷风强度的反气旋旋转,旋转速度高达30 m s−1(60 kt),涡旋深度高达4.9 km AGL,pyroCb羽流顶部高达16 km MSL。这些数据表明类似于EF2+强度的龙卷风。涡和羽流形态的体积渲染揭示了两种类型的涡:嵌入式vorticesanchored到火和居住在高反射率对流柱和脱落vorticesthat脱离火和下游移动。时间平均雷达数据进一步表明,每种情况下表现出火灾产生的中尺度流扰动的特点是流分裂周围的火灾的上升气流和明显的气流逆转的上升气流的李。所有的FGTV发生在深的热对流,包括pyroCb,表明火和云过程的重要作用。羽流和涡旋形态的共性提供了一个概念模型的基础,描述何时,何地,以及为什么这些FGTV的形式。
Fire-generated tornadic vortices (FGTVs) linked to deep pyroconvection, including pyrocumulonimbi (pyroCbs), are a potentially deadly, yet poorly understood, wildfire hazard. In this study we use radar and satellite observations to examine three FGTV cases during high-impact wildfires during the 2020 fire season in California. We establish that these FGTVs each exhibit tornado-strength anticyclonic rotation, with rotational velocity as strong as 30 m s−1(60 kt), vortex depths of up to 4.9 km AGL, and pyroCb plume tops as high as 16 km MSL. These data suggest similarities to EF2+ strength tornadoes. Volumetric renderings of vortex and plume morphology reveal two types of vortices:embedded vorticesanchored to the fire and residing within high-reflectivity convective columns andshedding vorticesthat detach from the fire and move downstream. Time-averaged radar data further show that each case exhibits fire-generated mesoscale flow perturbations characterized by flow splitting around the fire’s updraft and pronounced flow reversal in the updraft’s lee. All the FGTVs occur during deep pyroconvection, including pyroCb, suggesting an important role of both fire and cloud processes. The commonalities in plume and vortex morphology provide the basis for a conceptual model describing when, where, and why these FGTVs form.
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