Choline Acetyltransferase and the Synthesis of Acetylcholine

Choline Acetyltransferase and the Synthesis of Acetylcholine
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胆碱乙酰转移酶和乙酰胆碱的合成

DOI:
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发表时间:
1988
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
S. Tuček
S. Tuček
中科院分区:
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作者:
S. Tuček

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在发现乙酰胆碱(ACh)在交感神经节中介导突触传递后不久,Brown和Feldberg(1936)注意到,在他们的实验期间,从灌流的刺激神经节释放的ACh的数量是实验开始时神经节中ACh的几倍。从这一点和其他观察中可以明显看出,ACh是在以它为递质的神经末梢合成的,它的合成速度是不同的,以便在大多数生理条件下保持神经末梢中ACh的储存在一个恒定的水平。Quastel和Mann开始了对ACh合成过程的系统研究(Quastel等人。1936年,Mann et al.1938年,1939年)和斯特德曼和斯特德曼(1937年)。在几年的时间里,Nachmansohn和Machado(1943)证明了在添加了ATP、醋酸盐和胆碱的无细胞组织提取液中ACh的合成;他们将合成归因于一种他们称为胆碱乙酰酶的新酶的活性。以下工作已经澄清,在Nachmansohn和Machado(1943)使用的体系中,至少有两种酶是活性的,一种是从醋酸酯产生乙酰辅酶A(AcCoA)的酶,另一种是从AcCoA和胆碱产生ACh的酶。后一种酶保留胆碱乙酰转移酶的名称,在EC-IUB酶命名中修改为胆碱乙酰转移酶(乙酰辅酶A:胆碱-O-乙酰转移酶,EC 2.3.1.6)(ChAT)。
Soon after the discovery that acetylcholine (ACh) mediates synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglia, Brown and Feldberg (1936) noted that the amount of ACh released from perfused stimulated ganglia during their experiments was several-fold higher than the amount of ACh that had been present in the ganglia at the start of the experiments. It became apparent from this and other observations that ACh is synthesized in the nerve terminals which use it as their transmitter and that the rate of its synthesis varies so as to keep the stores of ACh in the nerve terminals at a constant level under most physiological conditions. Systematic studies of the process of ACh synthesis were started by Quastel and Mann (Quastel et al. 1936, Mann et al. 1938, 1939) and by Stedman and Stedman (1937). In a few years, Nachmansohn and Machado (1943) proved able to demonstrate the synthesis of ACh in cell-free tissue extracts with added ATP, acetate and choline; they ascribed the synthesis to the activity of a new enzyme which they called ‘choline acetylase’. It has been clarified in the following work that at least two enzymes must have been active in the system used by Nachmansohn and Machado (1943), one enzyme producing acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA) from acetate, coenzyme A (CoA) and ATP (AcCoA synthetase by the present nomenclature), and another enzyme producing ACh from AcCoA and choline. The name of choline acetylase was preserved for the latter enzyme and was modified to choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA: choline-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) (ChAT) in the EC-IUB enzyme nomenclature.
使用平衡状态下的同位素交换进行胆碱乙酰转移酶反应的动力学研究。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1982
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大鼠血液胆碱浓度的发育变化。
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正常和斑纹小鼠大脑发育过程中的体外乙酰胆碱合成和氧化代谢。
DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(86)90091-x
发表时间: 1986
期刊: Brain research
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
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通讯作者: Goldman,JE