A strong interactive link between sensory discriminations and intelligence.
A strong interactive link between sensory discriminations and intelligence.
复制标题
感官歧视与智力之间的牢固互动联系。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.053
复制
发表时间：
2013-06-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Tadin, Duje
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Melnick, Michael D.;Harrison, Bryan R.;Park, Sohee;Bennetto, Loisa;Tadin, Duje
包括高尔顿、卡特尔和斯皮尔曼在内的早期心理学家提出，智力和简单的感官辨别受到共同神经过程的制约，并预测两者之间存在密切联系。然而，支持这一假设的有力证据仍然难以捉摸。虽然智商高的人处理感官刺激的速度更快，但这些被广泛重复的发现解释了智商差异的相对适度比例。可以论证的是，单是处理速度就不能很好地满足神经系统的信息处理需求。我们的大脑处理大量的信息，因此其效率从根本上受到抑制无关信息的能力的限制。本研究表明，在一个简单的视觉辨别任务中，个体差异反映了处理速度和知觉抑制与智商有很强的相关性。高智商的人，虽然在感知小的运动物体方面很快，但随着刺激大小的增加，在感知运动方面表现出不成比例的大障碍。这些发现将智力与对大运动模式的低水平感觉抑制联系起来——这种背景刺激在生态学上不太相关。我们推测，抑制无关信息和快速处理相关信息的能力从根本上限制了感官辨别和智力，为观察到的联系提供了信息处理的基础。
Early psychologists, including Galton, Cattell, and Spearman proposed that intelligence and simple sensory discriminations are constrained by common neural processes, predicting a close link between them. However, strong supporting evidence for this hypothesis remains elusive. Although people with higher intelligence quotients (IQs) are quicker at processing sensory stimuli, these broadly replicated findings explain a relatively modest proportion of variance in IQ. Processing speed alone is, arguably, a poor match for the information processing demands on the neural system. Our brains operate on overwhelming amounts of information, and thus their efficiency is fundamentally constrained by an ability to suppress irrelevant information. Here, we show that individual variability in a simple visual discrimination task that reflects both processing speed and perceptual suppression strongly correlates with IQ. High IQ individuals, although quick at perceiving small moving objects, exhibit disproportionately large impairments in perceiving motion as stimulus size increases. These findings link intelligence with low-level sensory suppression of large moving patterns—background-like stimuli that are ecologically less relevant. We conjecture that the ability to suppress irrelevant and rapidly process relevant information fundamentally constrains both sensory discriminations and intelligence, providing an information-processing basis for the observed link.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1364/josaa.8.001330
发表时间：
1991-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
ANDERSON, SJ;BURR, DC
通讯作者：
BURR, DC
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Burgess, Gregory C.;Gray, Jeremy R.;Braver, Todd S.
通讯作者：
Braver, Todd S.
影响因子：
3
作者：
DEMPSTER, FN
通讯作者：
DEMPSTER, FN
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Axelrod, BN
通讯作者：
Axelrod, BN
影响因子：
25
作者：
Gray, JR;Chabris, CF;Braver, TS
通讯作者：
Braver, TS