Morphology, Carbohydrate Distribution, Gene Expression, and Enzymatic Activities Related to Cell Wall Hydrolysis in Four Barley Varieties during Simulated Malting.
Morphology, Carbohydrate Distribution, Gene Expression, and Enzymatic Activities Related to Cell Wall Hydrolysis in Four Barley Varieties during Simulated Malting.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.01872
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Collins HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betts NS;Wilkinson LG;Khor SF;Shirley NJ;Lok F;Skadhauge B;Burton RA;Fincher GB;Collins HM
Many biological processes, such as cell wall hydrolysis and the mobilisation of nutrient reserves from the starchy endosperm, require stringent regulation to successfully malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain in an industrial context. Much of the accumulated knowledge defining these events has been collected from individual, unrelated experiments, and data have often been extrapolated from Petri dish germination, rather than malting, experiments. Here, we present comprehensive morphological, biochemical, and transcript data from a simulated malt batch of the three elite malting cultivars Admiral, Navigator, and Flagship, and the feed cultivar Keel. Activities of lytic enzymes implicated in cell wall and starch depolymerisation in germinated grain have been measured, and transcript data for published cell wall hydrolytic genes have been provided. It was notable that Flagship and Keel exhibited generally similar patterns of enzyme and transcript expression, but exhibited a few key differences that may partially explain Flagship's superior malting qualities. Admiral and Navigator also showed matching expression patterns for these genes and enzymes, but the patterns differed from those of Flagship and Keel, despite Admiral and Navigator having Keel as a common ancestor. Overall (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase activity differed between cultivars, with lower enzyme levels and concomitantly higher amounts of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in the feed variety, Keel, at the end of malting. Transcript levels of the gene encoding (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase isoenzyme EI were almost three times higher than those encoding isoenzyme EII, suggesting a previously unrecognised importance for isoenzyme EI during malting. Careful morphological examination showed that scutellum epithelial cells in mature dry grain are elongated but expand no further as malting progresses, in contrast to equivalent cells in other cereals, perhaps demonstrating a morphological change in this critical organ over generations of breeding selection. Fluorescent immuno-histochemical labelling revealed the presence of pectin in the nucellus and, for the first time, significant amounts of callose throughout the starchy endosperm of mature grain.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
NCBI Resource Coordinators
通讯作者：
NCBI Resource Coordinators
DOI：
10.1071/pp9810453
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BACIC, A;STONE, BA
通讯作者：
STONE, BA
DOI：
10.1007/s004380050362
发表时间：
1997-02-20
期刊：
MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Banik, M;Li, CD;Fincher, GB
通讯作者：
Fincher, GB
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-01279-2_3
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
GENETICS AND IMPROVEMENT OF BARLEY MALT QUALITY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fox, G. P.
通讯作者：
Fox, G. P.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Brown, RC;Lemmon, BE;Olsen, OA
通讯作者：
Olsen, OA