PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites.
PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140017
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发表时间：
2020-10-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guo B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brusseau ML;Anderson RH;Guo B
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）由于其持久性、在环境中的广泛分布以及对人类健康的潜在影响而受到严重关注。在这项工作中，发表的研究土壤中的PFAS浓度汇编从文献。这些数据与从大型策划数据库中获得的结果相结合的PFAS土壤浓度的污染场地。总的来说，汇编的数据集包括从分布在世界各地的2 500多个地点收集的30 000多个样本。收集了三种类型的网站-背景网站，一级源网站（消防培训领域，制造工厂），和二级源网站（生物固体应用，灌溉用水）的数据。综合土壤调查报告包括从各大洲以及城乡地区的各种地点收集的样本。PFAS存在于土壤中，在几乎每一个网站测试。即使在远离潜在全氟辛烷磺酸来源的偏远地区，也观察到了较低但可测量的浓度。报告的全氟辛烷磺酸污染场地的浓度通常比背景水平高出几个数量级，特别是全氟辛烷磺酸。报告的全氟辛烷磺酸最高浓度高达几百毫克/千克。深度剖面的分析表明，在十年的时间框架内，PFAS在包气带的显着保留和发生的地下水浸出。值得注意的是，在受污染场地报告的PFAS土壤浓度往往比典型的地下水浓度高出几个数量级。本研究的结果表明，PFAS存在于地球仪的土壤中，并表明土壤是PFAS的重要水库。一个令人担忧的关键问题是向地表水、地下水和大气的长期迁移潜力。这就需要在研究和现场调查方面更多地关注PFAS在土壤和包气带中的迁移和归宿行为。
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of critical concern due to their persistence, widespread distribution in the environment, and potential human-health impacts. In this work, published studies of PFAS concentrations in soils were compiled from the literature. These data were combined with results obtained from a large curated database of PFAS soil concentrations for contaminated sites. In aggregate, the compiled data set comprises more than 30,000 samples collected from more than 2,500 sites distributed throughout the world. Data were collected for three types of sites— background sites, primary-source sites (fire-training areas, manufacturing plants), and secondary-source sites (biosolids application, irrigation water use). The aggregated soil-survey reports comprise samples collected from all continents, and from a large variety of locations in both urban and rural regions. PFAS were present in soil at almost every site tested. Low but measurable concentrations were observed even in remote regions far from potential PFOS sources. Concentrations reported for PFAS-contaminated sites were generally orders-of-magnitude greater than background levels, particularly for PFOS. Maximum reported PFOS concentrations ranged upwards of several hundred mg/kg. Analysis of depth profiles indicates significant retention of PFAS in the vadose zone over decadal timeframes and the occurrence of leaching to groundwater. It is noteworthy that soil concentrations reported for PFAS at contaminated sites are often orders-of-magnitude higher than typical groundwater concentrations. The results of this study demonstrate that PFAS are present in soils across the globe, and indicate that soil is a significant reservoir for PFAS. A critical question of concern is the long-term migration potential to surface water, groundwater, and the atmosphere. This warrants increased focus on the transport and fate behavior of PFAS in soil and the vadose zone, in regards to both research and site investigations.
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