Mapping and the politics of informality in Jakarta

Mapping and the politics of informality in Jakarta
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雅加达的绘图和非正规政治

DOI:
10.1080/02723638.2022.2059321
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Martinus, Melinda
Martinus, Melinda
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shatkin, Gavin;Braswell, Taylor Harris;Martinus, Melinda

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最近的研究认为,不应将定居点的“非正规性”视为一种经验上稳定的现象,可以根据法律的和体制标准加以界定和衡量,而应将非正规性视为国家为了领土控制而产生的一种社会政治结构。本文探讨了地理空间数据和技术的日益可及性对国家非正式框架的影响。我们特别问国家行为者如何寻求定义的“合法性”和“正规性”的解决类型的映射,这些映射工作如何相关的变化和连续性的话语和辩论的国家内的想法的非正规性,以及如何通知生产的非正规性的政治动态已经通过与社区的互动。我们重点关注雅加达的案例,通过空间数据分析、对官僚的采访以及对基于社区的反测绘文献的回顾,研究最近为绘制“不规则”住区、“贫民窟”和“甘榜”地图所做的努力。我们发现,映射工作应用不同的定义的非正式性,不同的基础上法律的/监管,发展,或形态标准。这些努力是由不同国家机构在合法化和实现国家领土控制方面的路径依赖利益所形成的。
Recent research has argued that, rather than viewing the “informality” of settlements as an empirically stable phenomenon that can be readily defined and measured based on legal and institutional criteria, informality should instead be viewed as a sociopolitical construct produced by the state in the interests of territorial control. This paper examines the implications of the increasing accessibility of geospatial data and technology for state framings of informality. We specifically ask how state actors have sought to define the “legitimacy” and “formality” of settlement types in mapping, how these mapping efforts have related to change and continuity in discourses and debates within the state about the idea of informality, and how the political dynamics that inform the production of informality have shifted through interactions with communities. We focus on the case of Jakarta, examining recent efforts to map “irregular” settlements, “slums” and “kampung” through an analysis of spatial data, interviews with bureaucrats, and a review of literature on community-based countermapping. We find that mapping efforts apply diverse definitions of informality, based variously on legal/regulatory, developmental, or morphological criteria. These efforts are shaped by the path-dependent interests of varied state agencies in legitimizing and enabling state territorial control.
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