Phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate excitatory/neutral amino acid transporter (SLC1/EAAT) family reveals lineage specific subfamilies.
Phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate excitatory/neutral amino acid transporter (SLC1/EAAT) family reveals lineage specific subfamilies.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-10-117
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发表时间：
2010-04-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Neuhauss SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gesemann M;Lesslauer A;Maurer CM;Schönthaler HB;Neuhauss SC
脊椎动物基因家族的组成和表达是由物种特异性基因丢失结合许多基因和基因组复制事件（所有脊椎动物中的R1，R2，硬骨鱼类中的R3）形成的，并取决于生态和进化背景。在这项研究中，我们分析了溶质载体1（SLC 1）基因家族的进化历史。这些基因被认为是在强大的选择压力下（纯化选择），因为它们在突触上及时清除谷氨酸的重要作用。在一项基因组调查中，我们手动注释和分析了来自300多个SLC 1基因（来自40多个脊椎动物物种）的序列，我们发现了这个基因家族有趣的进化历史的证据。虽然人类和小鼠基因组包含7个SLC 1基因，但在原兽目、蜥脚类和两栖动物基因组中存在多达9个SLC 1基因，在辐射鳍动物中存在多达13个SLC 1基因。虽然一些额外的slc 1基因在射线鳍鱼起源于R3，SLC 1基因在原生兽，sauropsida和两栖类基因组的数量增加，起源于特定的基因保留在这些谱系。SLC 1基因的系统发育比较和微共线性分析表明，兽类基因组中明显丢失了几个SLC 1基因，这些基因仍然存在于其他谱系中。在theria组中丢失的基因分为slc 1基因家族的两个新的亚家族，我们命名为slc 1a 8/eaat 6和slc 1a 9/eaat 7。SLC 1/EAAT基因家族的重复发生证明了多个基因组重组和重复事件如何影响活性基因的数量。特定SLC 1基因的失活和保存导致现存兽类中两个亚科的完全丧失，而其他脊椎动物则保留了两个新发现的SLC 1亚科中至少一个成员。
The composition and expression of vertebrate gene families is shaped by species specific gene loss in combination with a number of gene and genome duplication events (R1, R2 in all vertebrates, R3 in teleosts) and depends on the ecological and evolutionary context. In this study we analyzed the evolutionary history of the solute carrier 1 (SLC1) gene family. These genes are supposed to be under strong selective pressure (purifying selection) due to their important role in the timely removal of glutamate at the synapse. In a genomic survey where we manually annotated and analyzing sequences from more than 300 SLC1 genes (from more than 40 vertebrate species), we found evidence for an interesting evolutionary history of this gene family. While human and mouse genomes contain 7 SLC1 genes, in prototheria, sauropsida, and amphibia genomes up to 9 and in actinopterygii up to 13 SLC1 genes are present. While some of the additional slc1 genes in ray-finned fishes originated from R3, the increased number of SLC1 genes in prototheria, sauropsida, and amphibia genomes originates from specific genes retained in these lineages. Phylogenetic comparison and microsynteny analyses of the SLC1 genes indicate, that theria genomes evidently lost several SLC1 genes still present in the other lineage. The genes lost in theria group into two new subfamilies of the slc1 gene family which we named slc1a8/eaat6 and slc1a9/eaat7. The phylogeny of the SLC1/EAAT gene family demonstrates how multiple genome reorganization and duplication events can influence the number of active genes. Inactivation and preservation of specific SLC1 genes led to the complete loss of two subfamilies in extant theria, while other vertebrates have retained at least one member of two newly identified SLC1 subfamilies.
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