Hydrogeogenic fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Thai agrarian communities: a prevalence survey and case-control study.
Hydrogeogenic fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Thai agrarian communities: a prevalence survey and case-control study.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12903-021-01902-8
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发表时间：
2021-10-22
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Woskie S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rojanaworarit C;Claudio L;Howteerakul N;Siramahamongkol A;Ngernthong P;Kongtip P;Woskie S
氟斑牙可能是一种在获得安全饮用水方面社会不平等的疾病。在氟化物流行地区的社会处境不利的农业社区，这种牙科公共卫生问题变得突出，那里没有标准的灌溉系统，含有天然氟化物的地下水是主要的饮用水源。本研究的目的是确定儿童氟斑牙的患病率和严重程度，并评估其与泰国上述环境中地下水中氟化物的关系。2015年对佛统府的289名儿童进行了一项横断面调查。在随后的病例对照研究中，患有非常轻到重度氟中毒的儿童被视为“病例”，而他们的同龄人则被视为“对照”。检索了2008-2015年期间用于家庭供水的地下水中氟化物浓度的记录，这些记录对应于居民和每个儿童年龄的年数。使用问卷调查测量其他暴露变量。患病率（PR）是指示不同氟化物水平对氟斑牙的相对影响的指标，通过具有稳健标准误差的Poisson回归获得。有157名儿童患有极轻至中度氟斑牙（患病率为54.3%）。单因素分析结果显示，水源氟浓度为0.7 ~ 1.49时，儿童氟斑牙患病率（指数类别1）和≥ 1.5 ppm（指数分类2）是氟<0.7ppm（参照分类）人群患病率的1.62（95%CI; 0.78，3.34）和2.75（95%CI; 1.42，5.31）倍。调整所有协变量后，两个指数类别的调整后患病率分别为1.64（95% CI; 0.24，11.24）和2.85（95% CI; 0.44，18.52），接近其相应的粗估计值。由于两个指数类别的混杂程度（通过（PR粗-PR调整）/PR调整测量）均小于10%;这表明所有协变量的混杂效应有限。在氟病区，居民饮用含天然氟的地下水，特别是氟浓度≥ 1.5ppm的地下水，导致氟斑牙患病率高。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12903-021-01902-8获取。
Dental fluorosis can be a disease of social inequity in access to safe drinking water. This dental public health issue becomes prominent in socially disadvantaged agrarian communities in fluoride endemic areas where the standard irrigation system is unavailable and groundwater containing natural fluoride is the major drinking water source. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in children and to evaluate its association with fluoride in groundwater in the aforementioned setting in Thailand. A cross-sectional survey of 289 children in Nakhon Pathom Province was conducted in 2015. Children with very mild to severe fluorosis were regarded as ‘cases’ while their counterparts were ‘controls’ for a subsequent case–control study. Records of fluoride concentrations in groundwater used for household supply corresponding to resident and number of years by age of each child during 2008–2015 were retrieved. Other exposure variables were measured using a questionnaire. Prevalence ratio (PR), a measure indicating the relative effect of different levels of fluoride on dental fluorosis, was obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard error. There were 157 children with very mild to moderate dental fluorosis (54.3% prevalence). The univariable analysis revealed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children with fluoride concentrations in water sources of 0.7–1.49 (index category 1) and ≥ 1.5 ppm (index category 2) was 1.62 (95% CI; 0.78, 3.34) and 2.75 (95% CI; 1.42, 5.31) times the prevalence among those with fluoride < 0.7 ppm (referent category). After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted prevalence ratios in both index categories were 1.64 (95% CI; 0.24, 11.24) and 2.85 (95% CI; 0.44, 18.52) which were close to their corresponding crude estimates. Since the magnitude of confounding, measured by (PRcrude–PRadjusted)/PRadjusted, were less than 10% for both index categories; this indicated the limited confounding effect of all covariates. In fluoride endemic areas, groundwater containing natural fluoride utilized for household consumption resulted in high dental fluorosis prevalence, particularly in the groundwater with fluoride concentrations of ≥ 1.5 ppm. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01902-8.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Chuah, C. Joon;Lye, Han Rui;Rajchagool, Sunsanee
通讯作者：
Rajchagool, Sunsanee
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-263x.2002.00398.x
发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Budipramana, E S;Hapsoro, A;Kuntari, S
通讯作者：
Kuntari, S
DOI：
10.1177/0890334403257935
发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brothwell, D;Limeback, H
通讯作者：
Limeback, H
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Chen, Huafang;Yan, Mei;Xu, Jianchu
通讯作者：
Xu, Jianchu
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bhagavatula P;Levy SM;Broffitt B;Weber-Gasparoni K;Warren JJ
通讯作者：
Warren JJ