Loss of Potential Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies Along the Missouri River Floodplain
Loss of Potential Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies Along the Missouri River Floodplain
复制标题
密苏里河漫滩沿岸潜在水陆补贴的损失
DOI：
10.1007/s10021-019-00391-9
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Seidel, Tyler C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wesner, Jeff S.;Swanson, David L.;Dixon, Mark D.;Soluk, Daniel A.;Quist, Danielle J.;Yager, Lisa A.;Warmbold, Jerry W.;Oddy, Erika;Seidel, Tyler C.
由于河岸开发和河道改造，大河的漫滩已被严重改造，这两者都会消除河道外的浅层栖息地。这些栖息地对于鱼类等水生生物的重要性已得到充分研究。然而，河道外栖息地的丧失也消除了新兴水生昆虫生产的栖息地，这些昆虫为陆地食物网中的河岸消费者提供补贴。我们使用昆虫出现的现场收集、历史测绘和统计模型来估计由于 1890 年至 2012 年间密苏里河（美国）八个河段（涵盖 1566 公里河流）的河道改造而造成的昆虫出现损失。我们估计，从 1890 年到 2012 年，新出现的水生昆虫的年产量中位数下降了 36,000 kgC（95% CrI：3000 至 450,000）。 2012 年（减少 34%），由于回水区和相关河道外栖息地的表面积减少。根据保守假设，即河岸鸟类从成年水生昆虫获得年度能量预算的 24%，昆虫的损失量足以补贴大约 790,000 只河岸林地鸟类在繁殖和筑巢期间的费用（5 月至 8 月；95% CrI：57,000 至 10,000,000 只）。大部分损失集中在密苏里河下游，该地区历史上有宽阔的洪泛区、蜿蜒的河道和高密度的河道外栖息地，但由于渠道化和河岸稳定，这些损失大大减少。我们的研究结果表明，大型河流洪泛区河道外栖息地的丧失可能会严重影响河岸食虫动物的能源可用性，进一步证明了维持和恢复这些栖息地对于相关水陆生态系统的重要性。
The floodplains of large rivers have been heavily modified due to riparian development and channel modifications, both of which can eliminate shallow off-channel habitats. The importance of these habitats for aquatic organisms like fishes is well studied. However, loss of off-channel habitat also eliminates habitats for the production of emerging aquatic insects, which subsidize riparian consumers in terrestrial food webs. We used field collections of insect emergence, historical mapping, and statistical modeling to estimate the loss of insect emergence due to channel modifications along eight segments of the Missouri River (USA), encompassing 1566 river km, between 1890 and 2012. We estimate annual production of emerging aquatic insects declined by a median of 36,000 kgC (95% CrI: 3000 to 450,000) between 1890 and 2012 (a 34% loss), due to the loss of surface area in backwaters and related off-channel habitats. Under a conservative assumption that riparian birds obtain 24% of their annual energy budget from adult aquatic insects, this amount of insect loss would be enough to subsidize approximately 790,000 riparian woodland birds during the breeding and nesting period (May to August; 95% CrI: 57,000 to 10,000,000). Most of the loss is concentrated in the lower reaches of the Missouri River, which historically had a wide floodplain, a meandering channel, and a high density of off-channel habitats, but which were substantially reduced due to channelization and bank stabilization. Our results indicate that the loss of off-channel habitats in large river floodplains has the potential to substantially affect energy availability for riparian insectivores, further demonstrating the importance of maintaining and restoring these habitats for linked aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems.
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