Structures and dynamics of the novel S1/S2 protease cleavage site loop of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Structures and dynamics of the novel S1/S2 protease cleavage site loop of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.
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SARS-COV-2尖峰糖蛋白的新型S1/S2蛋白酶裂解位点环的结构和动力学。

DOI:
10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100038
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fotiadis D
Fotiadis D
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lemmin T;Kalbermatter D;Harder D;Plattet P;Fotiadis D

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2019年底,一种名为SARS-CoV-2的新型高毒力冠状病毒作为人类病原体出现。SARS-CoV-2的一个关键特征是在刺激性糖蛋白基因上存在一个神秘的插入,代表一个新的多碱基S1/S2蛋白酶裂解位点。这一部位的蛋白裂解是病毒进入宿主细胞所必需的。然而,为了在灌流状态下稳定尖峰,它在结构研究中已被系统地废除。在这项研究中,利用多微秒分子动力学模拟和从头计算建模来深入了解包含S1/S2蛋白酶裂解位点的环的结构和动力学。他们揭示了不同的构象、短螺旋的形成以及环与邻近多聚糖的相互作用,这些可能潜在地调节切割位点对蛋白酶及其加工的可及性。在大多数构象中,这个环从尖峰突出,因此代表了一个吸引人的SARS-CoV-2特异性治疗靶点。
At the end of 2019, a new highly virulent coronavirus known under the name SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a human pathogen. One key feature of SARS-CoV-2 is the presence of an enigmatic insertion in the spike glycoprotein gene representing a novel multibasic S1/S2 protease cleavage site. The proteolytic cleavage of the spike at this site is essential for viral entry into host cells. However, it has been systematically abrogated in structural studies in order to stabilize the spike in the prefusion state. In this study, multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio modeling were leveraged to gain insights into the structures and dynamics of the loop containing the S1/S2 protease cleavage site. They unveiled distinct conformations, formations of short helices and interactions of the loop with neighboring glycans that could potentially regulate the accessibility of the cleavage site to proteases and its processing. In most conformations, this loop protrudes from the spike, thus representing an attractive SARS-CoV-2 specific therapeutic target.
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