The ribonuclease activity of SAMHD1 is required for HIV-1 restriction.

The ribonuclease activity of SAMHD1 is required for HIV-1 restriction.
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DOI:
10.1038/nm.3626
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发表时间:
2014-08
期刊:
影响因子:
82.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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HIV-1限制因子SAMHD1被提出通过耗尽细胞内dNTP池来抑制HIV-1的复制。然而,SAMHD1的磷酸化调节其在不降低细胞dNTP水平的情况下限制HIV-1的能力,这与SAMHD1 dNTPase活性在HIV-1限制中的作用不一致。在这里,我们证明了SAMHD1具有RNase活性,并且RNase而不是dNTPase功能是HIV-1限制所必需的。通过对Aicardi-Gtières综合征(AGS)相关的SAMHD1突变和SAMHD1变构dGTP结合位点的突变进行鉴定,我们鉴定了RNase阳性但dNTPase阴性的SAMHD1突变体(SAMHD1D137N)或RNase阴性但dNTPase阳性的SAMHD1突变体(SAMHD1Q548A)。变构突变体SAMHD1D137N能够限制HIV-1的感染,而AGS突变体SAMHD1Q548A对HIV-1的限制是缺陷的。SAMHD1与HIV-1RNA结合,并在感染的早期阶段降解它。SAMHD1沉默巨噬细胞和来自健康捐赠者的CD4+T细胞增加了HIV-1RNA的稳定性,使这些细胞能够感染HIV-1。此外,SAMHD1在T592处的磷酸化负调控其体内的RNase活性,并阻碍HIV-1的限制。我们的结果表明,SAMHD1的核糖核酸酶活性通过直接降解HIV-1RNA来预防HIV-1感染。
The HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is proposed to inhibit HIV-1 replication by depleting the intracellular dNTP pool. However, the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 regulates its ability to restrict HIV-1 without decreasing cellular dNTP levels, which is not consistent with a role for SAMHD1 dNTPase activity in HIV-1 restriction. Here, we show that SAMHD1 possesses RNase activity and that the RNase but not the dNTPase function is essential for HIV-1 restriction. By enzymatically characterizing Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS)-associated SAMHD1 mutations and mutations in the allosteric dGTP-binding site of SAMHD1, we identify SAMHD1 mutants that are RNase-positive but dNTPase-negative (SAMHD1D137N) or RNase-negative but dNTPase-positive (SAMHD1Q548A). The allosteric mutant SAMHD1D137N is able to restrict HIV-1 infection, whereas the AGS mutant SAMHD1Q548A is defective for HIV-1 restriction. SAMHD1 associates with HIV-1 RNA and degrades it during the early phases of infection. SAMHD1 silencing in macrophages and CD4+ T cells from healthy donors increases HIV-1 RNA stability, rendering the cells permissive for HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 negatively regulates its RNase activity in vivo and impedes HIV-1 restriction. Our results reveal that the RNase activity of SAMHD1 is responsible for preventing HIV-1 infection by directly degrading the HIV-1 RNA.
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