Population-based dietary exposure to mercury through fish consumption in the Southern Peruvian Amazon.
Population-based dietary exposure to mercury through fish consumption in the Southern Peruvian Amazon.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2019.108720
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Pan WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feingold BJ;Berky A;Hsu-Kim H;Rojas Jurado E;Pan WK
与手工和小型金矿开采相关的汞暴露在全球引起了环境和公共卫生方面的关注。汞是一种在鱼类中生物积累的强效神经毒素，对育龄妇女和高鱼类消费人群中的儿童来说，汞的暴露尤其令人担忧。在秘鲁的马德雷德迪奥斯（MDD），这是一个存在天然汞和ASGM高活度的亚马逊地区，在主要的河流和鱼类消费社区中存在严重的接触问题。本研究的目的是对基于人群的MDD样本中的汞暴露进行首次评估，确定与水平升高相关的因素，并比较生活在ASGM影响和非ASGM影响流域的人的鱼类消费与头发总汞（H-THg）之间的关系。头发样本和家庭人口调查，包括鱼类消费模块，从MDD跨海高速公路10公里范围内46个社区的723名参与者中收集，他们之前参加了MDD的第一个基于人口的研究，涵盖受ASGM影响和未受影响的地区。H-THg浓度（自然对数转换）通过考虑家庭和社区之间聚类的多层次多元回归模型评估与独立人口变量的关联。在当地商店出售的罐头鱼样本也进行了总汞含量测试。鱼类消费量（多样性和总消费量）在高速公路沿线存在空间差异。269名参与者（37.2%）H-THg升高（>2.2 μg/g，中位数1.60 μg/g，平均值2.24 μg/g），其中包括42.7%的WCBA和20.0%的5岁以下儿童。总体而言，生活在asgm影响地区的人的H-THg更高。H-THg浓度与鱼类食用量密切相关；然而，在多元模型中，只有在受asgm影响的流域，家庭对高营养水平鱼类的消费与H-THg升高有关。同样，居住在从事渔业或巴西坚果收获经济活动的家庭与较高的H-THg有关，但仅在受asgm影响的地区的家庭中。在未受asgm影响的地区，我们观察到家庭每日水果消费量与H-THg之间存在正相关关系，而在asgm影响的地区则没有观察到这一关系。饮食、居住地点和职业是秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯市汞暴露的有力预测因素。罐头鱼可能是该地区以前被忽视的饮食汞暴露来源。根据《水俣公约》，ASGM地区汞接触的重大环境健康问题需要在政策和方案上予以关注。
Mercury exposure related to artisanal and small gold mining (ASGM) has raised environmental and public health concerns globally. Exposure to mercury, a potent neurotoxin that bioaccumulates in fish, is especially of concern to women of childbearing age (WCBA) and children in high-fish consuming populations. In Madre de Dios (MDD), Peru, an Amazon region with naturally occurring mercury and high ASGM activity, there is significant exposure concern among the mainly riverine, fish-consuming communities. The objective of this study was to conduct the first assessment of mercury exposure in a population-based sample of MDD, identify factors associated with elevated levels and compare the relationship between fish consumption and hair total mercury (H-THg) among persons living in ASGM affected and non-ASGM affected watersheds. Hair samples and household demographic surveys, including a module on fish consumption, were collected from 723 participants across 46 communities within 10 km of the Interoceanic Highway in MDD, who were previously enrolled in the first population-based study in MDD spanning areas affected and unaffected by ASGM. H-THg concentration (natural log transformed) was evaluated for association with independent demographic variables through multilevel multivariate regression models accounting for clustering among households and communities. Samples from canned fish available at local stores were also tested for total mercury. Fish consumption (diversity and total consumed) varied spatially along the highway. 269 participants (37.2%) had elevated H-THg (>2.2 μg/g; median 1.60 μg/g; mean 2.24 μg/g), including 42.7% of WCBA and 20.0% of children under 5. Overall, H-THg was higher among people living in ASGM-affected areas. H-THg concentrations were strongly associated with fish consumption; however, in the multivariate models, household consumption of high trophic level fish was associated with elevated H-THg only in communities located in the ASGM-impacted watersheds. Similarly, the relationship between living in a household engaged in economic activities of fishing or Brazil nut harvesting was associated with higher H-THg, but only among households in the ASGM-affected area. In the non-ASGM affected areas, we observed a positive relationship between household daily fruit consumption and H-THg that was not observed in ASGM-affected areas. Diet, residential location, and occupation are strong predictors of mercury exposure in Madre de Dios, Peru. Canned fish may represent a previously overlooked source of dietary Hg exposure in the region. In accordance with the Minamata Convention, the significant environmental health concern of mercury exposure in ASGM areas demands policy and programmatic attention.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
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作者：
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