Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: a comprehensive review.
Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: a comprehensive review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1307864
复制
发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
O'Leary KG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibb H;O'Leary KG
背景资料：汞（Hg）用于金矿开采，通过形成“汞合金”-一种由大约等量的汞和金组成的混合物-从矿石中提取黄金。在发展中国家，约有1 500万人，包括约300万妇女和儿童，参与手工小规模采金业。全球大气汞排放量的37%来自手工和小规模采金业。最近通过的《水俣公约》呼吁各国收集健康数据，培训保健工作者，并提高对手工和小规模采金业活动的认识。目的：我们审查的目的是评估目前关于汞对在小规模手工开采金矿社区工作和/或生活的人的健康影响的文献。研究方法：我们在PubMed、ScienceDirect和Google Scholar中搜索了与个体和小规模采金业社区汞暴露的健康影响和生物标志物相关的研究。评价了1990年至2012年12月发表的文章的相关性。讨论内容：确定了报告生活在小规模手工开采金矿社区或附近的个人的健康评估、肾功能障碍、神经系统疾病和症状以及免疫毒性/自身免疫功能障碍的研究。此外，还确定了60多项测量生活在小规模手工开采金矿社区或其附近的个人汞接触生物标志物的研究。这些在南美洲、亚洲和非洲19个不同国家进行的研究表明，在手工和小规模采金业社区，头发和尿液中的浓度远高于世界卫生组织的健康指导值。结论：手工和小规模采金业工人及其家人暴露于汞蒸气，工人、工人家庭以及附近和下游社区的居民正在食用受甲基汞严重污染的鱼类。引用：Gibb H，O 'Leary KG. 2014.个体和小规模采金社区中的汞暴露和健康影响：全面审查。环境健康展望122：667-672; http：dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307864
Background: Mercury (Hg) is used in gold mining to extract gold from ore by forming “amalgam”—a mixture composed of approximately equal parts mercury and gold. Approximately 15 million people, including approximately 3 million women and children, participate in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in developing countries. Thirty-seven percent of global air emissions of Hg are produced by ASGM. The recently adopted Minamata Convention calls for nations to gather health data, train health-care workers, and raise awareness in regard to ASGM activity. Objective: The purpose of our review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the health effects of Hg among those working and/or living in or near ASGM communities. Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies relating to health effects and biomarkers of Hg exposure in ASGM communities. Articles published from 1990 through December 2012 were evaluated for relevance. Discussion: Studies reporting health assessments, kidney dysfunction, neurological disorders and symptoms, and immunotoxicity/autoimmune dysfunction in individuals living in or near an ASGM community were identified. More than 60 studies that measured biomarkers of Hg exposure in individuals living in or near ASGM communities were also identified. These studies, conducted in 19 different countries in South America, Asia, and Africa, demonstrated that hair and urine concentrations are well above World Health Organization health guidance values in ASGM communities. Conclusions: ASGM workers and their families are exposed to Hg vapor, and workers, workers’ families, and residents of nearby and downstream communities are consuming fish heavily contaminated with methylmercury. Citation: Gibb H, O’Leary KG. 2014. Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: a comprehensive review. Environ Health Perspect 122:667–672; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307864
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Gardner, Renee M.;Nyland, Jennifer F.;Silva, Ines A.;Ventura, Ana Maria;de Souza, Jose Maria;Silbergeld, Ellen K.
通讯作者：
Silbergeld, Ellen K.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Baeuml, Jennifer;Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan;Siebert, Uwe
通讯作者：
Siebert, Uwe
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dorea, Jose G.;Marques, Rejane C.;Isejima, Cintya
通讯作者：
Isejima, Cintya
DOI：
10.1007/s00128-010-0141-7
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Kwaansa-Ansah, E. E.;Basu, N.;Nriagu, J. O.
通讯作者：
Nriagu, J. O.
DOI：
10.1080/09603120600734147
发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Alves, Maria Francinaire A.;Fraiji, Nelson A.;Cordeiro, George W. O.
通讯作者：
Cordeiro, George W. O.