One cost of being gold: selective predation and implications for the maintenance of the Midas cichlid colour polymorphism (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

One cost of being gold: selective predation and implications for the maintenance of the Midas cichlid colour polymorphism (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
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成为黄金的代价之一:选择性捕食及其对维持迈达斯慈鲷颜色多态性的影响(鲈形目:丽鱼科)

DOI:
10.1111/bij.12205
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
A. Meyer
A. Meyer
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kusche;A. Meyer

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在颜色多态性的米达斯丽鱼物种复合体(Amphilophus citrinellusspp.)中,金色变体的出现频率比深色个体低得多(< 10%)。这可能是令人惊讶的,因为金色是显性的,并且由单个孟德尔基因座编码。此外,金色个体被认为比黑暗个体更有竞争力,因为与同等大小的黑暗个体相比,他们生长得更快,更经常赢得侵略性的遭遇。然而,从自然选择的角度来看,人们可能会期望成为黄金的代价是捕食的结果。我们测试是否美洲虎慈鲷(Parachromis managuensis),一个主要的鱼类捕食者的迈达斯慈鲷,捕食差异的颜色变异的金鱼(鲫鱼),这被用作代理迈达斯慈鲷,因为他们的颜色相似。将大小匹配的成对猎物鱼(金色和深色)提供给捕食者,并记录鱼被攻击的时间。金色变形更容易被攻击(大约70%),但并不比黑暗变形更快。这表明捕食者首先感知到黄金个体,和/或捕食者表现出偏好或更高的动机来攻击黄金猎物鱼。金猎物鱼的捕食风险增加表明,迈达斯慈鲷系统,黄金可能会带来显着的成本,在自然选择方面,由于其主要的食鱼捕食者。
In the colour-polymorphic Midas cichlid fish species complex (Amphilophus citrinellusspp.), gold morphs occur at much lower frequencies (< 10%) than dark individuals. This might be surprising because gold coloration is dominant and coded for by a single Mendelian locus. Furthermore, gold individuals are considered to be competitively advantaged over dark ones because they grow faster and win aggressive encounters more often compared to dark individuals of equal size. However, one might expect a cost of being gold in terms of natural selection as a result of predation. We tested whether the Jaguar cichlid (Parachromis managuensis), a major fish predator of Midas cichlids, preys differentially on colour variants of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus), which were used as a proxy for Midas cichlids because of their similarity in colour. Size-matched pairs of prey fish (gold and dark) were offered to the predator and the time until the fish were attacked was recorded. The gold morph was attacked first more often (approximately 70%) but not faster than the dark morph. This suggests that the predator perceives the gold individual first, and/or that the predator exhibits a preference or higher motivation to attack the gold prey fish. The increased risk of predation of gold prey fish suggests for the Midas cichlid system that being gold may carry significant costs in terms of natural selection as a result of its major piscivorous predator.
多色 Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma citrinellum 颜色变形之间的竞争
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