Maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) is associated with unique mtDNA haplotypes.
Maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) is associated with unique mtDNA haplotypes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0180625
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sturm A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carmona-Antoñanzas G;Bekaert M;Humble JL;Boyd S;Roy W;Bassett DI;Houston RD;Gharbi K;Bron JE;Sturm A
鲑鱼虱Lepeophtheirus salmonis（Krøyer）的寄生感染给北方鲑鱼养殖业造成巨大经济损失，2014年挪威的治疗费用和生产损失估计为3.5亿美元（年产量125万吨）。L.鲑鱼病严重依赖药物治疗，辅之以非药物方法。然而，据报道，包括拟除虫菊酯溴氰菊酯在内的几种灭虱剂的效力有所损失。本研究的目的是分析棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯抗性的遗传基础。鲑鱼溴氰菊酯在敏感L.对拟除虫菊酯抗性品系IoA-02的抗性为40.1 μg L-1。将IoA-00和IoA-02杂交以产生跨越一个亲本和三个子代（P0，F1-F3）的家庭。在来自IoA-00公畜和IoA-02母畜之间P0杂交的3个家族中，98.8%的F2寄生虫（n = 173）具有抗性，即暴露于2.0 μg L-1溴氰菊酯后未受影响。来自这些杂交的F3寄生虫显示溴氰菊酯的EC 50为9.66 μg L-1。在P0（IoA-02公畜x IoA-00母畜）的两个反向家庭中，16.7%的F2寄生虫具有抗性（n = 84），而F3动物中溴氰菊酯的EC 50为0.26 μg L-1。结果表明，溴氰菊酯抗性主要由母系遗传。对6个不相关的L. 2010年从野生鲑鱼中取样的鲑鱼菌株和寄生虫。IoA-02和三个进一步的溴氰菊酯耐药菌株，建立了来自苏格兰不同地区的分离株，表现出几乎相同的线粒体单倍型。与此相反，线粒体基因组是可变的敏感株和L。野生宿主的鲑鱼溴氰菊酯在IoA-00寄生虫中引起毒性和全身ATP水平耗竭，但在IoA-02寄生虫中未引起毒性和全身ATP水平耗竭。溴氰菊酯抗性的母系遗传及其与线粒体单倍型的相关性表明拟除虫菊酯对L。鲑鱼感染可能涉及线粒体基因编码的分子靶点。
Parasitic infections by the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), cause huge economic damage in salmon farming in the northern hemisphere, with combined treatment costs and production losses in 2014 having been estimated at US$ 350 million for Norway (annual production 1.25 million tonnes). The control of L. salmonis relies significantly on medicinal treatments, supplemented by non-pharmacological approaches. However, efficacy losses have been reported for several delousing agents, including the pyrethroid deltamethrin. The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic basis of deltamethrin resistance in L. salmonis. Deltamethrin median effective concentrations (EC50) were 0.28 μg L-1 in the drug susceptible L. salmonis strain IoA-00 and 40.1 μg L-1 in the pyrethroid resistant strain IoA-02. IoA-00 and IoA-02 were crossed to produce families spanning one parental and three filial generations (P0, F1-F3). In three families derived from P0 crosses between an IoA-00 sire and an IoA-02 dam, 98.8% of F2 parasites (n = 173) were resistant, i.e. remained unaffected after exposure to 2.0 μg L-1 deltamethrin. F3 parasites from these crosses showed a deltamethrin EC50 of 9.66 μg L-1. In two families of the inverse orientation at P0 (IoA-02 sire x IoA-00 dam), 16.7% of F2 parasites were resistant (n = 84), while the deltamethrin EC50 in F3 animals was 0.26 μg L-1. The results revealed a predominantly maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance. The 15,947-nt mitochondrial genome was sequenced and compared among six unrelated L. salmonis strains and parasites sampled from wild salmon in 2010. IoA-02 and three further deltamethrin resistant strains, established from isolates originating from different regions of Scotland, showed almost identical mitochondrial haplotypes. In contrast, the mitochondrial genome was variable among susceptible strains and L. salmonis from wild hosts. Deltamethrin caused toxicity and depletion of whole body ATP levels in IoA-00 but not IoA-02 parasites. The maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance and its association with mitochondrial haplotypes suggests that pyrethroid toxicity in L. salmonis may involve molecular targets encoded by mitochondrial genes.
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