Diverse Subclade Differentiation Attributed to the Ubiquity of Prochlorococcus High-Light-Adapted Clade II.
Diverse Subclade Differentiation Attributed to the Ubiquity of Prochlorococcus High-Light-Adapted Clade II.
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原绿球藻高光适应进化枝 II 的普遍存在导致多种亚进化枝分化
作者：
原绿球藻是地球上最丰富的富氧光合微生物，高光适应进化枝II （HLII）是其优势生态型。然而，HLII在广阔的寡营养海洋中占主导地位的因素仍然未知。原绿球藻是海洋生态系统中重要的初级生产者，其中高光适应枝II （high-light- adaptation clade II， HLII）是数量最多的生态型。然而，原绿球藻HLII在海洋环境中的基因组和生态学基础仍然难以捉摸。通过对31株HLII菌株（包括12株新分离株）的分析，我们发现HLII的亚枝分化在生态学上是一致的，与基因组学和生态学特征相一致。利用TARA海洋宏基因组数据库，鉴定出具有不同核心和辅助基因的HLII亚支系，并探讨其在海洋环境中的分布。鉴定出3个主要亚支系，即表层支系（hli - sg）、过渡支系（hli - tg）和深层支系（hli - dg）。这些亚枝群表现出不同的温度范围和最佳分布。在回归分析中，温度和养分有效性是影响HLII亚支系分布的关键因素。在代表性浓度路径8.5情景下，预计到21世纪末，hli - sg的相对丰度将增加35%。结果表明，原绿球藻HLII在海洋环境中的普遍存在和分布与不同亚支系的分化有关。这些发现为原绿球藻群落响应未来气候变化的大规模变化提供了见解。原绿球藻是地球上最丰富的富氧光合微生物，高光适应进化枝II （HLII）是其优势生态型。然而，HLII在广阔的寡营养海洋中占主导地位的因素仍然未知。在这里，我们确定了三个不同的HLII亚分支，即表层组（HLII- sg），过渡组（HLII- tg）和深层组（HLII- dg）。我们进一步证明了hii的生态一致性亚支系分化与基因组和生态特征相对应。我们的研究表明，不同亚枝的分化是原绿球藻HLII在海洋环境中普遍存在和分布的基础，并为原绿球藻群落响应未来气候变化的变化提供了见解。
Prochlorococcus is the most abundant oxygenic photosynthetic microorganism on Earth, and high-light-adapted clade II (HLII) is the dominant ecotype. However, the factors behind the dominance of HLII in the vast oligotrophic oceans are still unknown. ABSTRACT Prochlorococcus is the key primary producer in marine ecosystems, and the high-light-adapted clade II (HLII) is the most abundant ecotype. However, the genomic and ecological basis of Prochlorococcus HLII in the marine environment has remained elusive. Here, we show that the ecologically coherent subclade differentiation of HLII corresponds to genomic and ecological characteristics on the basis of analyses of 31 different strains of HLII, including 12 novel isolates. Different subclades of HLII with different core and accessory genes were identified, and their distribution in the marine environment was explored using the TARA Oceans metagenome database. Three major subclade groups were identified, viz., the surface group (HLII-SG), the transition group (HLII-TG), and the deep group (HLII-DG). These subclade groups showed different temperature ranges and optima for distribution. In regression analyses, temperature and nutrient availability were identified as key factors affecting the distribution of HLII subclades. A 35% increase in the relative abundance of HLII-SG by the end of the 21st century was predicted under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Our results show that the ubiquity and distribution of Prochlorococcus HLII in the marine environment are associated with the differentiation of diverse subclades. These findings provide insights into the large-scale shifts in the Prochlorococcus community in response to future climate change. IMPORTANCE Prochlorococcus is the most abundant oxygenic photosynthetic microorganism on Earth, and high-light-adapted clade II (HLII) is the dominant ecotype. However, the factors behind the dominance of HLII in the vast oligotrophic oceans are still unknown. Here, we identified three distinct groups of HLII subclades, viz., the surface group (HLII-SG), the transition group (HLII-TG), and the deep group (HLII-DG). We further demonstrated that the ecologically coherent subclade differentiation of HLII corresponds to genomic and ecological characteristics. Our study suggests that the differentiation of diverse subclades underlies the ubiquity and distribution of Prochlorococcus HLII in the marine environment and provides insights into the shifts in the Prochlorococcus community in response to future climate change.
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