Structural mechanisms of human RecQ helicases WRN and BLM.

Structural mechanisms of human RecQ helicases WRN and BLM.
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DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2014.00366
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Kitano K
Kitano K
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kitano K

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RecQ 家族 DNA 解旋酶维尔纳综合征蛋白 (WRN) 和布卢姆综合征蛋白 (BLM) 在保护基因组免受有害变化方面发挥着关键作用。在人类中,这些蛋白质的突变会导致与癌症易感性和加速衰老相关的罕见遗传疾病。 WRN 和 BLM 与其他解旋酶的区别在于其 C 末端具有特征串联结构域,称为 RecQ C 末端 (RQC) 和解旋酶和核糖核酸酶 D-C 末端 (HRDC) 结构域。尽管 HRDC 结构域的精确功能仍不清楚,但 WRN RQC-DNA 复合物的先前晶体结构显示了 RQC 结构域在分支点识别、结合和解旋 DNA 中的核心作用。特别是,RQC 翼状螺旋基序内的一个突出的发夹结构(β 翼)充当手术刀,诱导 DNA 双链体末端沃森-克里克碱基对的脱配对。在最近的 BLM-DNA 复合物晶体结构中也观察到类似的 RQC-DNA 相互作用。我回顾了WRN和BLM的最新结构,然后提供了BLM与霍利迪结的对接模拟。该模型解释了 RecQ 家族向重组和修复中间体的有效分支迁移活动。
The RecQ family DNA helicases Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) play a key role in protecting the genome against deleterious changes. In humans, mutations in these proteins lead to rare genetic diseases associated with cancer predisposition and accelerated aging. WRN and BLM are distinguished from other helicases by possessing signature tandem domains toward the C terminus, referred to as the RecQ C-terminal (RQC) and helicase-and-ribonuclease D-C-terminal (HRDC) domains. Although the precise function of the HRDC domain remains unclear, the previous crystal structure of a WRN RQC-DNA complex visualized a central role for the RQC domain in recognizing, binding and unwinding DNA at branch points. In particular, a prominent hairpin structure (the β-wing) within the RQC winged-helix motif acts as a scalpel to induce the unpairing of a Watson–Crick base pair at the DNA duplex terminus. A similar RQC-DNA interaction was also observed in the recent crystal structure of a BLM-DNA complex. I review the latest structures of WRN and BLM, and then provide a docking simulation of BLM with a Holliday junction. The model offers an explanation for the efficient branch migration activity of the RecQ family toward recombination and repair intermediates.
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