Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States

Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States
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使用美国东南部木屑颗粒的可再生能源的现状和前景

DOI:
10.1111/gcbb.12445
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Dale V
Dale V
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dale V

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关于美国东南部(SE USA)基于木屑颗粒的生物能源生产的成本和收益的持续争论需要了解影响其可持续性相关市场决策的科学和背景。随着美国颗粒出口从21世纪初微不足道的数量增长到2015年的460万吨,颗粒的生产引起了广泛关注。目前,98%的颗粒出口被运往欧洲,以取代发电厂的煤炭。我们的问题是,“美国东南部的木屑颗粒生产如何影响森林系统及其提供的生态系统服务?”“为了解决这个问题,我们回顾了当前的森林条件和木制品行业的现状,颗粒生产如何影响生态系统服务和生物多样性,以及采取哪些方法来监测变化和保护脆弱的系统。”科学研究提供的证据表明,美国东南部的木屑颗粒只是整个林业业务的一小部分,可以在维持或改善森林生态系统服务的同时生产。生态系统服务得到保护的要求是,利用经过培训的伐木工,在规划和实施出口市场采伐时应用基于科学的最佳管理实践。生物能源市场补充了农村私人土地所有者的收入,并为森林管理做法提供了激励,这些做法同时有利于水质和野生动物,并减少火灾和虫害爆发的风险。生物能源还增加了林地对土地所有者的价值,从而降低了转为非森林用途的可能性。监测和评价对于核实规章和良好做法是否正在实现目标以及在出现问题时能够及时作出反应至关重要。进行严格的研究以了解条件如何随管理选择而变化,需要基线数据、监测和适当的参考方案。关于森林状况的长期监测数据应向公众开放,并用于为适应性管理提供信息。
The ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood‐pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern United States (SE USA) requires an understanding of the science and context influencing market decisions associated with its sustainability. Production of pellets has garnered much attention as US exports have grown from negligible amounts in the early 2000s to 4.6 million metric tonnes in 2015. Currently, 98% of these pellet exports are shipped to Europe to displace coal in power plants. We ask, ‘How is the production of wood pellets in the SE USA affecting forest systems and the ecosystem services they provide?’ To address this question, we review current forest conditions and the status of the wood products industry, how pellet production affects ecosystem services and biodiversity, and what methods are in place to monitor changes and protect vulnerable systems. Scientific studies provide evidence that wood pellets in the SE USA are a fraction of total forestry operations and can be produced while maintaining or improving forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are protected by the requirement to utilize loggers trained to apply scientifically based best management practices in planning and implementing harvest for the export market. Bioenergy markets supplement incomes to private rural landholders and provide an incentive for forest management practices that simultaneously benefit water quality and wildlife and reduce risk of fire and insect outbreaks. Bioenergy also increases the value of forest land to landowners, thereby decreasing likelihood of conversion to nonforest uses. Monitoring and evaluation are essential to verify that regulations and good practices are achieving goals and to enable timely responses if problems arise. Conducting rigorous research to understand how conditions change in response to management choices requires baseline data, monitoring, and appropriate reference scenarios. Long‐term monitoring data on forest conditions should be publicly accessible and utilized to inform adaptive management.
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林下植被作为美国密西西比河冲积河谷洪泛区森林恢复的指标
DOI: 10.1111/rec.12210
发表时间: 2015
影响因子: 3.2
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DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.109-2001
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