R4AsH: a triple frequency laboratory radar for characterizing falling volcanic ash
R4AsH: a triple frequency laboratory radar for characterizing falling volcanic ash
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R4AsH：用于表征火山灰落下特征的三频实验室雷达
DOI：
10.1117/12.2587613
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Macfarlane D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macfarlane D
爆炸性火山爆发产生的空气灰对航空构成重大危险。目前，与初始喷发羽流相关的“源项”参数，特别是释放到大气中的灰颗粒的数量和大小的不确定性，阻碍了对有害灰扩散到大气中的准确建模和预测。地基雷达提供了远程测量灰反射率的手段，然而，由单频雷达测量的反射率估计源项参数受到羽流中颗粒尺寸分布（PSD）和灰浓度的贡献之间的模糊性的限制。这意味着这些参数之一必须假设而不是直接测量，导致预测喷发危险的不确定性。我们报告的R4 AsH，近距离FMCW雷达，旨在解决这种模糊性下降的火山灰在实验室控制的环境中，在三个不同的频率：10，35和94 GHz的同时表征。R4 AsH设计使用单个基于DDS的啁啾发生器作为公共源，经倍增和上变频以馈送指向公共目标体积的三组发射-接收喇叭天线，使得测量将给出下落灰的空间和时间上一致的测量。此外，还将使用光学成像和着陆粒子质量记录对PSD进行独立测量，以校准结果并为分析提供信息。R4 AsH的目的是开发一种三重反演算法，以便从雷达数据中同时检索PSD和火山灰浓度，适用于未来的火山监测系统。
Airborne ash generated by explosive volcanic eruptions presents a significant danger to aviation. Accurate modelling and predictions of the dispersal of hazardous ash into the atmosphere are currently hampered by uncertainties in the ‘source term’ parameters associated with the initial eruption plume, specifically the amount and size of ash particles released into the atmosphere. Ground based radar offers the means to remotely measure ash reflectivity, however estimation of source term parameters from reflectivity measured by single frequency radar is limited by ambiguity between the contribution of particle size distribution (PSD) and ash concentration in the plume. This means that one of these parameters must be assumed rather than measured directly, leading to uncertainties in forecasting eruption hazards. We report on R4AsH, a close range FMCW radar designed to resolve this ambiguity by simultaneous characterization of falling volcanic ash in a laboratory-controlled environment at three different frequencies: 10, 35 and 94 GHz. The R4AsH design uses a single DDS based chirp generator as a common source, multiplied and upconverted to feed three sets of transmit-receive horn antennas directed at a common target volume such that measurements will give spatially and temporally coincident measurements of falling ash. In addition, there will be independent measurement of the PSD using optical imaging and logging of the landing particle mass to calibrate results and inform analysis. The aim of R4AsH is to develop a triplefrequency inversion algorithm to enable simultaneous retrieval of PSD and ash concentration from radar data suitable for future volcano monitoring systems.
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