Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana.
Donkey Ownership Provides a Range of Income Benefits to the Livelihoods of Rural Households in Northern Ghana.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani11113154
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发表时间：
2021-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bennett RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maggs HC;Ainslie A;Bennett RM
直到最近，驴对世界各地数百万人日常生活的重要贡献一直被忽视。全球驴的数量正受到日益增长的毛皮需求的威胁。毛皮是一种名为阿胶的传统中药的关键成分。这项研究的目的是研究驴在加纳北部农村家庭中的作用。我们想知道驴是如何支持家庭谋生的，特别是妇女和儿童对驴的使用。我们发现驴子很受主人的重视。驴子有助于减少许多农业和家务活动的繁重体力劳动，也可以出租来创收。事实上，从家里的驴身上赚钱的方法比以前所知的更多。来自养驴家庭的雌性告诉我们，她们的驴可以提供她们总收入的30%-60%。当驴被租出去换取现金时，孩子们也可以在陪伴它的过程中发挥关键作用。驴对它们的主人来说当然很重要，他们说它们是无价的。这项研究通过详细说明活驴对贫困农户的相当大价值，增加了我们对阿胶产业影响的理解。驴为全球数百万人提供了重要的资源和利益。然而，由于对驴皮制成的中药阿胶的需求不断增长，全球驴群面临着越来越大的压力。这项反身性的定性专题分析的目的是研究驴在加纳北部262名参与者中的作用，以及驴如何促进生计成果，特别是妇女和儿童对驴的使用。数据来自2018-19年一个雨季和一个旱季的4次调查、12次深度访谈和84次每日时间预算，参与者相同，外加16个焦点小组。独一无二的是，10-16岁的男孩和女孩接受了采访。驴子受到主人的高度重视，因为它们在提供摆脱极端贫困的途径方面发挥了宝贵的作用。驴对生计的贡献比文献中以前所理解和记录的更重要和更复杂。与非驴主人相比，拥有驴可以提供多达六种不同的收入福利。养驴的女主人报告说，驴可以贡献他们收入的30%-60%。无论男女，儿童都可以在有效开展其中一项创收活动方面发挥重要作用。
Until recently, the important contributions donkeys make to the daily lives of millions of people around the world have been overlooked. Global donkey populations are under threat from increasing demand for their skins, a key ingredient in a traditional Chinese medicine called e’jiao. The aim of this research was to study the role of donkeys in rural households in northern Ghana. We wanted to know how donkeys support families in making a living, especially their use by women and children. We found that donkeys are highly valued by their owners. Donkeys help reduce the hard physical work of many farming and domestic activities and can also be rented out to generate income. There are actually more methods available to earn money from the family donkey than previously known. Females from donkey-owning households advised us that their donkey can provide between 30–60% of their total income. Children can also play a key role accompanying their donkey when it is hired out for cash. Donkeys are certainly important to their owners, who describe them as priceless. This research adds to our understanding of the impact of the e’jiao industry, by detailing the considerable value of live donkeys to poor farming households. Donkeys provide important resources and benefits for millions of people worldwide. However, global donkey populations are under increasing pressure from the growing demand for a traditional Chinese medicine, e’jiao, made from donkey-skin. The objective of this reflexive, qualitative thematic analysis was to examine the role of donkeys with 262 participants in northern Ghana and how donkeys contribute to livelihood outcomes, especially their use by women and children. Data were collected from four surveys, 12 in-depth interviews and 84 daily time budgets with the same participants, plus 16 focus groups, during one wet and one dry season across 2018-19. Uniquely, boys and girls between the ages of 10–16-years old were interviewed. Donkeys are highly valued by their owners as they play a valuable role in providing a pathway out of ultra-poverty. Donkeys’ contributions to livelihoods are significant and more complex than previously understood and documented in the literature. Donkey ownership confers up to six different income benefits in comparison to non-donkey owners. Female owners of donkeys reported that donkeys can contribute between 30–60% of their income. Children of both sexes can play an important role in the efficient deployment of one of these income generating activities.
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