Highly Conserved Molecular Features in IgLONs Contrast Their Distinct Structural and Biological Outcomes.

Highly Conserved Molecular Features in IgLONs Contrast Their Distinct Structural and Biological Outcomes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.014
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发表时间:
2020-09-04
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Rudenko G
Rudenko G
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Venkannagari H;Kasper JM;Misra A;Rush SA;Fan S;Lee H;Sun H;Seshadrinathan S;Machius M;Hommel JD;Rudenko G

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神经元生长调节剂1 (NEGR1)和神经trimin (NTM)是在大脑中发现的丰富的细胞表面蛋白,是IgLON(免疫球蛋白LSAMP, OBCAM, neurotrimin)家族的一部分。在人类中,NEGR1与肥胖和精神障碍有关,而NTM与智力和认知功能有关。IgLONs以同亲和异亲性二聚化,它们被认为通过跨(跨越细胞连接)和/或顺(在连接的同一侧)的方式来形成突触连接和神经回路。在这里,我们揭示了NEGR1和NTM的同二聚体结构。它们通过其Ig1结构域组装成v形复合物,并且Ig1-Ig1界面的破坏消除了溶液中的二聚化。来自一个Ig1结构域的疏水脊插入到来自相反的Ig1结构域的疏水口袋中,产生IgLONs之间高度保守的相互作用界面,但在结构上具有显著的可塑性。鉴于相互作用界面的高度序列保守性,我们测试了不同的IgLONs是否可以在体内引起相同的生物学效应。在一项小规模研究中,将不同的可溶性IgLONs直接注入大脑并监测摄食,只有NEGR1显著改变了食物摄取量。因此,我们的研究以NEGR1为原型,表明尽管IgLONs具有保守的相互作用模式,并且能够以异构体和同质体的形式相互结合,但它们具有结构可塑性,并能发挥独特的生物作用。
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) and neurotrimin (NTM) are abundant cell-surface proteins found in brain and form part of the IgLON (Immunoglobulin LSAMP, OBCAM, Neurotrimin) family. In humans, NEGR1 is implicated in obesity and mental disorders, while NTM is linked to intelligence and cognitive function. IgLONs dimerize homophilically and heterophilically, and they are thought to shape synaptic connections and neural circuits by acting in trans (spanning cellular junctions) and/or in cis (at the same side of a junction). Here, we reveal homodimeric structures of NEGR1 and NTM. They assemble into V-shaped complexes via their Ig1 domains, and disruption of the Ig1-Ig1 interface abolishes dimerization in solution. A hydrophobic ridge from one Ig1 domain inserts into a hydrophobic pocket from the opposing Ig1 domain producing an interaction interface that is highly conserved among IgLONs but remarkably plastic structurally. Given the high degree of sequence conservation at the interaction interface, we tested whether different IgLONs could elicit the same biological effect in vivo. In a small scale study, administering different soluble IgLONs directly into the brain and monitoring feeding, only NEGR1 altered food intake significantly. Taking NEGR1 as a prototype, our studies thus indicate that while IgLONs share a conserved mode of interaction and are able to bind each other as homomers and heteromers, they are structurally plastic and can exert unique biological action.
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