UBQLN proteins in health and disease with a focus on UBQLN2 in ALS/FTD.

UBQLN proteins in health and disease with a focus on UBQLN2 in ALS/FTD.
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健康和疾病中的UBQLN蛋白质,重点是ALS/FTD中的UBQLN2。

DOI:
10.1111/febs.16129
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发表时间:
2022-10
期刊:
The FEBS journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Monteiro MJ
Monteiro MJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin BC;Higgins NR;Phung TH;Monteiro MJ

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泛素(Ubiquilin,UBQLN)蛋白是在所有真核生物中发现的动态和通用的蛋白质家族,其在蛋白质稳态调节中起作用。除了它们作为穿梭因子在将错误折叠的蛋白质递送到蛋白酶体和自噬系统中进行降解中的典型功能之外,有新的证据表明UBQLN蛋白在蛋白质稳定中发挥更广泛的作用。新的信息表明,这些蛋白质在蛋白质折叠中起伴侣作用,在膜插入之前保护蛋白质,并作为线粒体蛋白质输入的监护人。在这篇综述中,我们描述了这些不同作用的证据,强调了蛋白质的不同结构域如何赋予这些功能。我们还描述了如何在UBQLN的结构和相分离特性的变化可能会调节其活性和功能。最后,我们讨论了UBQLN2突变引起肌萎缩侧索硬化和额颞叶痴呆的致病机制。我们描述了针对不同UBQLN 2突变的动物模型系统,以及从这些系统中吸取的经验教训如何提供对UBQLN 2突变通过蛋白质稳态紊乱驱动疾病发病机制的分子机制的基本见解。
Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are a dynamic and versatile family of proteins found in all eukaryotes that function in the regulation of proteostasis. Besides their canonical function as shuttle factors in delivering misfolded proteins to the proteasome and autophagy systems for degradation, there is emerging evidence that UBQLN proteins play broader roles in proteostasis. New information suggests the proteins function as chaperones in protein folding, protecting proteins prior to membrane insertion, and as guardians for mitochondrial protein import. In this review, we describe the evidence for these different roles, highlighting how different domains of the proteins impart these functions. We also describe how changes in the structure and phase separation properties of UBQLNs may regulate their activity and function. Finally, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms by which mutations in UBQLN2 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We describe the animal model systems made for different UBQLN2 mutations and how lessons learnt from these systems provide fundamental insight into the molecular mechanisms by which UBQLN2 mutations drive disease pathogenesis through disturbances in proteostasis.
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