Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis.
Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis.
复制标题
色氨酸代谢和肠-脑稳态。
DOI：
10.3390/ijms22062973
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-15
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Mohamadzadeh M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roth W;Zadeh K;Vekariya R;Ge Y;Mohamadzadeh M
色氨酸是一种对人体蛋白质合成至关重要的必需氨基酸，已成为微生物群-肠道-脑轴的关键参与者。它是神经递质5-羟色胺的唯一前体，5-羟色胺对情绪调节、饥饿、睡眠和疼痛的处理以及肠道中的结肠运动和分泌活动至关重要。来自犬尿氨酸降解途径的色氨酸催化剂也调节神经活性，并在全身性炎症级联反应中具有活性。此外，色氨酸及其代谢产物支持中枢和肠神经系统的发育。因此，色氨酸代谢物的失调在许多神经和精神疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。肠道微生物直接或间接地影响色氨酸代谢，并相应地改变行为和认知。因此，肠道微生物组作为色氨酸及其代谢物发挥突出作用的神经和精神疾病的治疗靶点引起了广泛关注。在这次审查中，我们将触及一些这些功能及其参与健康和疾病。
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is vital for the processing of emotional regulation, hunger, sleep, and pain, as well as colonic motility and secretory activity in the gut. Tryptophan catabolites from the kynurenine degradation pathway also modulate neural activity and are active in the systemic inflammatory cascade. Additionally, tryptophan and its metabolites support the development of the central and enteric nervous systems. Accordingly, dysregulation of tryptophan metabolites plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Gut microbes influence tryptophan metabolism directly and indirectly, with corresponding changes in behavior and cognition. The gut microbiome has thus garnered much attention as a therapeutic target for both neurologic and psychiatric disorders where tryptophan and its metabolites play a prominent role. In this review, we will touch upon some of these features and their involvement in health and disease.
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