Isolation rearing effects on probabilistic learning and cognitive flexibility in rats.
Isolation rearing effects on probabilistic learning and cognitive flexibility in rats.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13415-013-0204-4
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发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Powell SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amitai N;Young JW;Higa K;Sharp RF;Geyer MA;Powell SB
隔离饲养是一种神经发育操作，可在与精神分裂症相一致的啮齿动物中产生神经化学、结构和行为改变。隔离饲养引起的症状反映了精神分裂症的临床相关方面，如认知缺陷，这为在临床开发之前在隔离饲养的动物中测试假定的治疗方法提供了可能性。我们调查了隔离抚养对认知灵活性的影响，认知灵活性是精神分裂症的一种典型的认知功能。为此，我们使用基于临床试验的会话间和会话内概率反向学习任务来评估认知灵活性。孤立饲养的大鼠需要更多的会话（尽管不是更多的任务试验）来获得任务逆转阶段的标准表现，并且在奖励偶然性转换后调整任务策略的速度较慢。与社会饲养的大鼠相比，隔离饲养的大鼠完成的试验更少，在概率反向学习任务中表现出更低的总体活动水平。这一发现与隔离饲养的大鼠在行为模式监测中显示的无条件调查活动水平升高和运动习惯水平降低形成对比。最后，隔离饲养的大鼠也表现出感觉运动门控缺陷，反映在受惊反应的脉冲前抑制减弱，与先前的研究一致。我们的结论是，隔离抚养构成了一种有价值的、非侵入性的操作，用于模拟精神分裂症样认知缺陷和评估假定的治疗方法。
Isolation rearing is a neurodevelopmental manipulation that produces neurochemical, structural, and behavioral alterations in rodents that have consistencies with schizophrenia. Symptoms induced by isolation rearing that mirror clinically relevant aspects of schizophrenia, such as cognitive deficits, open up the possibility of testing putative therapeutics in isolation-reared animals prior to clinical development. We investigated what effect isolation rearing would have on cognitive flexibility, a cognitive function characteristically disrupted in schizophrenia. For this purpose, we assessed cognitive flexibility using between- and within-session probabilistic reversal-learning tasks based on clinical tests. Isolation-reared rats required more sessions, though not more task trials, to acquire criterion performance in the reversal phase of the task and were slower to adjust their task strategy after reward contingencies were switched. Isolation-reared rats also completed fewer trials and exhibited lower levels of overall activity in the probabilistic reversal-learning task compared to socially reared rats. This finding contrasted with the elevated levels of unconditioned investigatory activity and reduced levels of locomotor habituation that isolation-reared rats displayed in the behavioral pattern monitor. Finally, isolation-reared rats also exhibited sensorimotor gating deficits, reflected by decreased prepulse inhibition of the startle response, consistent with previous studies. We conclude that isolation rearing constitutes a valuable, noninvasive manipulation for modeling schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits and assessing putative therapeutics.
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