Structural basis for activation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.

Structural basis for activation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.
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生长激素释放激素受体激活的结构基础

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-18945-0
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发表时间:
2020-10-15
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Wang MW
Wang MW
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhou F;Zhang H;Cong Z;Zhao LH;Zhou Q;Mao C;Cheng X;Shen DD;Cai X;Ma C;Wang Y;Dai A;Zhou Y;Sun W;Zhao F;Zhao S;Jiang H;Jiang Y;Yang D;Eric Xu H;Zhang Y;Wang MW

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生长激素释放激素(GHRH)通过与同源受体(GHRHR)结合调节生长激素的分泌,而生长激素实际上控制着每个组织的代谢和生长。GHRHR信号传导中的功能障碍与异常生长相关,使得GHRHR成为针对侏儒症的有吸引力的治疗靶点(例如,孤立性生长激素缺乏症(IGHD)、肥胖症、脂肪营养不良和某些癌症。在这里,我们报告的冷冻电镜(cryo-EM)结构的人GHRHR结合其内源性配体和刺激G蛋白在2.6 ℃。这种高分辨率结构揭示了GHRHR对GHRH的特征性激素识别模式,其中α-螺旋GHRH形成广泛且连续的相互作用网络,涉及所有细胞外环(ECL)、除TM 4外的所有跨膜(TM)螺旋和GHRHR的细胞外结构域(ECD),特别是GHRH的N-末端,其与受体进行广泛的特异性相互作用。突变和分子动力学(MD)模拟揭示了IGHD引起的突变导致GHRHR功能受损的详细机制。我们的发现为肽识别和受体激活的分子基础提供了见解,从而促进了基于结构的药物发现和精准医学的发展。
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) regulates the secretion of growth hormone that virtually controls metabolism and growth of every tissue through its binding to the cognate receptor (GHRHR). Malfunction in GHRHR signaling is associated with abnormal growth, making GHRHR an attractive therapeutic target against dwarfism (e.g., isolated growth hormone deficiency, IGHD), gigantism, lipodystrophy and certain cancers. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human GHRHR bound to its endogenous ligand and the stimulatory G protein at 2.6 Å. This high-resolution structure reveals a characteristic hormone recognition pattern of GHRH by GHRHR, where the α-helical GHRH forms an extensive and continuous network of interactions involving all the extracellular loops (ECLs), all the transmembrane (TM) helices except TM4, and the extracellular domain (ECD) of GHRHR, especially the N-terminus of GHRH that engages a broad set of specific interactions with the receptor. Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations uncover detailed mechanisms by which IGHD-causing mutations lead to the impairment of GHRHR function. Our findings provide insights into the molecular basis of peptide recognition and receptor activation, thereby facilitating the development of structure-based drug discovery and precision medicine.
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