Earthworms produce phytochelatins in response to arsenic.
Earthworms produce phytochelatins in response to arsenic.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0081271
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bundy JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liebeke M;Garcia-Perez I;Anderson CJ;Lawlor AJ;Bennett MH;Morris CA;Kille P;Svendsen C;Spurgeon DJ;Bundy JG
植物螯合素是一种富含半胱氨酸的非核糖体小肽，能螯合软金属和类金属离子，如镉和砷。它们广泛地由植物和微生物产生；植物螯合素合成酶基因也存在于几个不同门类的动物物种中，但关于这些基因是否在动物中起作用，如果是的话，它们是否对金属有反应，人们仍然知之甚少。我们用直接化学分析的方法分析了暴露于砷28天的蚯蚓体内植物螯合素的产生，发现砷明显诱导植物螯合素的产生，并呈剂量依赖关系。由于28天后植物络合蛋白合成酶基因的表达没有上调，因此有必要直接测定植物络合蛋白代谢产物的浓度：动物体内的植物络合蛋白合成似乎不受转录调控。进一步的非靶向代谢组学分析也发现了与跨硫途径相关的代谢物的变化，该途径将蛋氨酸的硫通量引导到植物螯合蛋白的合成。没有证据表明实验室暴露的砷会导致砷的生物转化(例如，转化为甲基化物种)。最后，我们比较了从野外采集的蚯蚓的野生种群，发现砷污染和镉污染的矿场蠕虫都有较高的植物螯合蛋白浓度。
Phytochelatins are small cysteine-rich non-ribosomal peptides that chelate soft metal and metalloid ions, such as cadmium and arsenic. They are widely produced by plants and microbes; phytochelatin synthase genes are also present in animal species from several different phyla, but there is still little known about whether these genes are functional in animals, and if so, whether they are metal-responsive. We analysed phytochelatin production by direct chemical analysis in Lumbricus rubellus earthworms exposed to arsenic for a 28 day period, and found that arsenic clearly induced phytochelatin production in a dose-dependent manner. It was necessary to measure the phytochelatin metabolite concentrations directly, as there was no upregulation of phytochelatin synthase gene expression after 28 days: phytochelatin synthesis appears not to be transcriptionally regulated in animals. A further untargetted metabolomic analysis also found changes in metabolites associated with the transsulfuration pathway, which channels sulfur flux from methionine for phytochelatin synthesis. There was no evidence of biological transformation of arsenic (e.g. into methylated species) as a result of laboratory arsenic exposure. Finally, we compared wild populations of earthworms sampled from the field, and found that both arsenic-contaminated and cadmium-contaminated mine site worms had elevated phytochelatin concentrations.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
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