Mechanistic Model for Enantioselective Intramolecular Alkene Cyanoamidation via Palladium-Catalyzed C-CN Bond Activation.

Mechanistic Model for Enantioselective Intramolecular Alkene Cyanoamidation via Palladium-Catalyzed C-CN Bond Activation.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.7b00196
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发表时间:
2017-04-07
期刊:
The Journal of organic chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Douglas CJ
Douglas CJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frost GB;Serratore NA;Ogilvie JM;Douglas CJ

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我们研究了钯催化的C-CN键活化和分子内对映选择性烯烃氰酰胺化反应的机理。建立了Abboud-Abraham-Kamlet-Taft(AAKT)线性溶剂化能关系(LSER)模型。我们研究了刘易斯酸(BPh 3)、刘易斯碱(DMPU)和无添加剂的影响。BPh 3添加剂导致13 CN交叉实验、初始速率动力学和天然丰度12 C/13 C动力学同位素效应测量中的对映选择性降低和不同结果。我们提出了两种催化机制来解释我们的实验结果。我们认为DMPU/非加性途径通过κ2-亚磷酰胺稳定的Pd+中间体,导致高的对映选择性。BPh 3阻止CN−的解离,导致刚性较低的κ2-亚磷酰胺-中性Pd中间体。
We studied key aspects of the mechanism of Pd-catalyzed C–CN bond activation and intramolecular enantioselective alkene cyanoamidation. An Abboud–Abraham–Kamlet–Taft (AAKT) linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model for enantioselectivity was established. We investigated the impact of Lewis acid (BPh3), Lewis base (DMPU), and no additives. BPh3 additive led to diminished enantioselectivity and differing results in 13CN crossover experiments, initial rate kinetics, and natural abundance 12C/13C kinetic isotope effect measurements. We propose two catalytic mechanisms to account for our experimental results. We propose that the DMPU/nonadditive pathway passes through a κ2-phosphoramidite-stabilized Pd+ intermediate, resulting in high enantioselectivity. BPh3 prevents the dissociation of CN−, leading to a less rigid κ2-phosphoramidite-neutral Pd intermediate.
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