Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase: A promising therapeutic target.

Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase: A promising therapeutic target.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199211
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发表时间:
2023-10-15
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Menachery, Vineet D.
Menachery, Vineet D.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schindewolf, Craig;Menachery, Vineet D.

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冠状病毒 NSP16 在病毒 RNA 加帽和逃避先天免疫中发挥着关键作用。缺乏 NSP16 活性的冠状病毒突变体在体外和体内均减弱。 NSP16 突变体的衰减是由 IFIT 家族成员的活性驱动的,该成员靶向帽子上缺乏 2'O 甲基化的病毒 RNA。针对 NSP16 活性为治疗当前和未来的冠状病毒爆发提供了广泛的治疗方法。自本世纪初以来,冠状病毒(CoV)一直是多种流行病和全球大流行的根源,迫切需要了解冠状病毒的生物学特性并开发更好的治疗方法。在这里,我们回顾了 NSP16 在 CoV 复制中的作用,特别是它对 2'-O-甲基化和 CoV RNA 加帽的重要性。我们描述了 NSP16 突变 CoV 的减毒表型、MDA5 和 IFIT 在感知和拮抗缺乏 2'O 甲基化的病毒 RNA 中的作用,以及其他病毒家族对 2'-O-甲基化的依赖性。我们还详细介绍了越来越多的针对 2'-O-甲基化进行治疗或作为减毒活疫苗平台的研究。除了在 RNA 加帽中的作用之外,NSP16 对 CoV 复制的重要性可能尚未被表征,这凸显了继续研究 NSP16 功能的必要性。了解 NSP16 对 CoV 复制适应性的全部贡献将为开发针对未来 CoV 爆发的治疗方法提供更好的信息。
Coronavirus NSP16 plays a critical role in viral RNA capping and evasion of innate immunity. Coronavirus mutants lacking NSP16 activity are attenuated both in vitro and in vivo. Attenuation of NSP16 mutants driven by activity of IFIT family members targeting viral RNA lacking a 2′O methylation on its cap. Targeting NSP16 activity offers a broad therapeutic approach for treatment of current and future coronavirus outbreaks. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have been the source of multiple epidemics and a global pandemic since the start of century, and there is an urgent need to understand CoV biology and develop better therapeutics. Here, we review the role of NSP16 in CoV replication, specifically its importance to 2′-O-methylation and CoV RNA capping. We describe the attenuation phenotypes of NSP16-mutant CoVs, the roles of MDA5 and IFITs in sensing and antagonizing viral RNA lacking 2′O methylation, and the dependence on 2′-O-methylation in other virus families. We also detail the growing body of research into targeting 2′-O-methylation for therapeutics or as a platform for live attenuated vaccines. Beyond its role in RNA capping, NSP16 may have yet uncharacterized importance to CoV replication, highlighting the need for continued studies into NSP16 functions. Understanding the full contribution of NSP16 to the replicative fitness of CoVs will better inform the development of treatments against future CoV outbreaks.
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病毒mRNA帽的2'-O甲基化通过IFIT家族成员逃避了宿主的限制。
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