Insights into the pathogenesis of varicella viruses.
Insights into the pathogenesis of varicella viruses.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40588-019-00119-2
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Messaoudi I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sorel O;Messaoudi I
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）是一种高度传染性的嗜神经性α疱疹病毒，可引起水痘。VZV在感觉神经节中建立终身潜伏期，它可以重新激活以诱导带状疱疹（HZ），这是一种主要影响老年人和免疫抑制者的疼痛疾病。鉴于VZV感染对人类具有高度特异性，开发一种可靠的体内模型来重现VZV感染的特征一直是一个挑战。猴水痘病毒（SVV）感染非人灵长类动物再现了VZV感染人类的主要特征，并允许水痘病毒在自然宿主中的发病机制的研究。本文就水痘病毒的基因组结构、病毒粒子结构、发病机制以及急性感染、潜伏期和再激活期的抗病毒免疫反应等方面的研究进展作一综述。我们还研究了水痘病毒逃避宿主免疫反应的免疫逃避机制，以及目前可用于保护个人免受水痘和带状疱疹的疫苗。最近的研究数据表明，受感染的T细胞是重要的病毒传播到皮肤感染部位以及潜伏期的网站和病毒潜伏期相关的转录可能发挥作用，从裂解性感染的潜伏期，然后再激活的过渡。最近的研究提供了令人兴奋的见解水痘病毒的发病机制，如T细胞在VZV/SVV传播从呼吸道粘膜到皮肤和感觉神经节的关键作用; VZV/SVV干扰宿主防御的能力;和VLT转录本在潜伏感染的神经节的鉴定。然而，我们对这些现象的理解仍然知之甚少。因此，至关重要的是，我们继续研究水痘病毒感染过程中的宿主-病原体相互作用。这些研究将导致对VZV生物学以及细胞生物学新方面的更深入理解。
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious, neurotropic alpha herpes virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). VZV establishes lifelong latency in the sensory ganglia from which it can reactivate to induce herpes zoster (HZ), a painful disease that primarily affects older individuals and those who are immune-suppressed. Given that VZV infection is highly specific to humans, developing a reliable in vivo model that recapitulates the hallmarks of VZV infection has been challenging. Simian Varicella Virus (SVV) infection in nonhuman primates reproduces the cardinal features of VZV infections in humans and allows the study of varicella virus pathogenesis in the natural host. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about genomic and virion structure of varicelloviruses as well as viral pathogenesis and antiviral immune responses during acute infection, latency and reactivation. We also examine the immune evasion mechanisms developed by varicelloviruses to escape the host immune responses and the current vaccines available for protecting individuals against chickenpox and herpes zoster. Data from recent studies suggest that infected T cells are important for viral dissemination to the cutaneous sites of infection as well as site of latency and that a viral latency-associated transcript might play a role in the transition from lytic infection to latency and then reactivation. Recent studies have provided exciting insights into mechanisms of varicelloviruses pathogenesis such as the critical role of T cells in VZV/SVV dissemination from the respiratory mucosa to the skin and the sensory ganglia; the ability of VZV/SVV to interfere with host defense; and the identification of VLT transcripts in latently infected ganglia. However, our understanding of these phenomena remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is critical that we continue to investigate host-pathogen interactions during varicelloviruses infection. These studies will lead to a deeper understanding of VZV biology as well as novel aspects of cell biology.
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水痘带状疱疹病毒潜伏期的分子方面。
DOI：
10.3390/v10070349
发表时间：
2018-06-28
期刊：
Viruses
影响因子：
--
作者：
Depledge DP;Sadaoka T;Ouwendijk WJD
通讯作者：
Ouwendijk WJD
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Ambagala, Aruna P. N.;Cohen, Jeffrey I.
通讯作者：
Cohen, Jeffrey I.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Cohrs, RJ;Hurley, MP;Gilden, DH
通讯作者：
Gilden, DH
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Arnold, Nicole;Girke, Thomas;Messaoudia, Ilhem
通讯作者：
Messaoudia, Ilhem
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Abendroth, A;Lin, I;Arvin, AM
通讯作者：
Arvin, AM