Mosaicism in Cutaneous Disorders.

Mosaicism in Cutaneous Disorders.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-genet-121415-121955
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发表时间:
2017-11-27
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Choate KA
Choate KA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lim YH;Moscato Z;Choate KA

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当受精卵具有两种或多种不同的基因型时,就会出现遗传嵌合现象,通常是由于胚胎发生过程中的从头体细胞突变所致。临床表现很大程度上取决于突变细胞的分化状态;早期突变以多能细胞为目标,并产生影响多个器官系统的更广泛的疾病。如果性腺组织幸免于难(如体细胞基因组嵌合体),则突变及其影响仅限于先证者,而影响配子的嵌合体(例如种系或性腺嵌合体)是可传播的。嵌合现象在皮肤疾病中很容易理解,因为表型不同的突变细胞通常会产生由受影响的细胞类型决定的模式的病变。皮肤镶嵌疾病的基因研究已经确定了疾病发病机制的核心途径,揭示了新的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了皮肤嵌合体的例子、这些疾病的基因发现方法,以及对具有临床转化潜力的分子病理学的见解。
Genetic mosaicism arises when a zygote harbors two or more distinct genotypes, typically due to de novo, somatic mutation during embryogenesis. The clinical manifestations largely depend on the differentiation status of the mutated cell; earlier mutations target pluripotent cells and generate more widespread disease affecting multiple organ systems. If gonadal tissue is spared—as in somatic genomic mosaicism—the mutation and its effects are limited to the proband, whereas mosaicism also affecting the gametes, such as germline or gonosomal mosaicism, is transmissible. Mosaicism is easily appreciated in cutaneous disorders, as phenotypically distinct mutant cells often give rise to lesions in patterns determined by the affected cell type. Genetic investigation of cutaneous mosaic disorders has identified pathways central to disease pathogenesis, revealing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss examples of cutaneous mosaicism, approaches to gene discovery in these disorders, and insights into molecular pathobiology that have potential for clinical translation.
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