Peeking under the hood of early embryogenesis: Using tools and synthetic biology to understand native control systems and sculpt tissues.
Peeking under the hood of early embryogenesis: Using tools and synthetic biology to understand native control systems and sculpt tissues.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.016
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发表时间：
2023-05-30
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Good, Matthew C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qian, Wenchao;Good, Matthew C.
关键词：
早期胚胎发生需要多能卵裂球的快速分裂、受控的基因组激活、精确的时空信号传导以形成细胞命运模式以及形态发生以形成原始组织结构。这一过程的复杂性促使研究人员超越简单的遗传扰动，转向工程设备和合成生物学工具，以允许对指导发展的控制系统进行时间和空间操纵。为了精确改变胚胎组织，现在可以超越基本分析策略并直接测试发育调控模型的充分性。另外，微图案和胚状体培养的进步促进了复杂胚胎组织的自下而上的构建，使离体系统能够重现甚至后期的发育阶段。离体受精和生长的胚胎提供了一个绝佳的机会来外源性地扰乱控制胚胎发生的基本途径。在这里，我们回顾了为热调节胚胎细胞周期以及在空间和时间上光学调节形态发生素和信号通路（特别是囊胚胚胎）而开发的技术。此外，我们强调了二维和三维细胞模式的最新进展，这些进展有助于揭示指导早期胚胎组织的自组织特性和基因调控网络。
Early embryogenesis requires rapid division of pluripotent blastomeres, regulated genome activation, precise spatiotemporal signaling to pattern cell fate and morphogenesis to shape primitive tissue architectures. The complexity of this process has inspired researchers to move beyond simple genetic perturbation into engineered devices and synthetic biology tools to permit temporal and spatial manipulation of the control systems guiding development. Be precise alteration of embryo organization, it is now possible to advance beyond basic analytical strategies and directly test the sufficiency of models for developmental regulation. Separately, advances in micropatterning and embryoid culture have facilitated the bottom-up construction of complex embryo tissues allowed ex vivo systems to recapitulate even later stages development. Embryos fertilized and grown ex vivo offer an excellent opportunity to exogenously perturb fundamental pathways governing embryogenesis. Here we review the technologies developed to thermally modulate the embryo cell cycle, and optically regulate morphogen and signaling pathways in space and time, specifically in the blastula embryo. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in cell patterning in two and three dimensions that have helped reveal the self-organizing properties and gene regulatory networks guiding early embryo organization.
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