Gender-Based Social Revolutions and Their Effect on Technology Evolution: A Case Study of the Sewing Machine

Gender-Based Social Revolutions and Their Effect on Technology Evolution: A Case Study of the Sewing Machine
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基于性别的社会革命及其对技术进化的影响:缝纫机的案例研究

DOI:
10.1115/detc2023-114613
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dong, Andy
Dong, Andy
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kang, Samantha;Dong, Andy

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本文运用女性主义对技术的批判来开发设计轨迹模型,特别是技术生命周期模型。该模型旨在解释根本性设计变革的起源,即使科学革命不存在(或遥远)并且根本性的性能改进无关紧要。吸奶器的引入是为了说明公共卫生、社会和文化规范、联邦政策和身份如何影响设计轨迹。尽管技术不断进步,但吸奶器的发展仍然延迟且有限,这表明这些因素对技术设计轨迹产生了复杂的影响。然后我们研究了缝纫机(于 1846 年首次获得专利),以更仔细地探索这一现象。我们的研究说明了社会规范视角可能改变纯粹经济或组织模型预测的预期技术成果的条件。通过将分析单位从单一设计转移到设计周期随时间变化的轨迹,本文解释了在哪些条件下设计将保持抗去偏性(仅进行微小的增量变化),以及与设计不连续性相关的社会动态。我们的模型包括性别规范的社会建构,作为社会技术镜头来检验传统技术生命周期模型的局限性。最后,我们讨论我们的新模型如何更新工程设计理论和教学法。
This paper applies a feminist critique of technology to develop a model for design trajectories, specifically the technology life cycle. The model aims to explain the origins of radical design changes even when scientific revolutions are absent (or distant) and radical performance improvements are inconsequential. The breast pump is introduced to illustrate how public health, social and cultural norms, federal policies, and identity influence a design trajectory. The breast pump’s delayed and limited evolution despite technology advances indicates the compounding consequences of these factors on a technology’s design trajectory. We then investigate the sewing machine (first patented in 1846) to explore this phenomenon more closely. Our research illustrates conditions under which a social norms lens might change the expected technological outcome predicted by purely economic or organizational models. By shifting the unit of analysis away from single designs to a trajectory of design cycles over time, this paper offers explanations for conditions under which designs will remain resistant to debiasing, with only minor incremental change, and the social dynamics associated with design discontinuities. Our model includes the social construct of gender norms as a socio-technological lens to examine the limitations of the traditional technology life cycle model. Finally, we discuss how our new model can update engineering design theory and pedagogy.
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