Shear Velocity Structure From Ambient Noise and Teleseismic Surface Wave Tomography in the Cascades Around Mount St. Helens

Shear Velocity Structure From Ambient Noise and Teleseismic Surface Wave Tomography in the Cascades Around Mount St. Helens
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圣海伦斯山周围瀑布中环境噪声和远震表面波层析成像的切变速度结构

DOI:
10.1029/2019jb017836
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Moran, Seth C.
Moran, Seth C.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crosbie, Kayla J.;Abers, Geoffrey A.;Mann, Michael Everett;Janiszewski, Helen A.;Creager, Kenneth C.;Ulberg, Carl W.;Moran, Seth C.

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圣海伦斯火山(MSH)位于喀斯喀兹山脉的前弧上,那里的条件太冷了,不适合火山活动。为了更好地了解MSH之下的热条件和岩浆路径,来自密集宽带阵列的数据被用来产生地壳和上地幔的高分辨率断层图像。由环境噪声和地震面波产生的瑞雷波相速度图和剪切速度三维图像表明,在MSH以西,中下地壳异常快(3.95±0.1公里/S),覆盖在异常缓慢的上地幔(4.0~4.2公里/S)之上。这种组合使弧前莫霍面变得微弱到不可见,地壳速度变化是主要原因;快速地壳是解释没有莫霍面的必要因素。与预测的岩石速度比较表明,快速地壳可能是由西里齐亚地体的辉长岩和玄武岩组成的,西里齐亚地体是一个增生的海洋高原。在MSH以东,岩浆活动丰富,中下部地壳速度较低(3.45-3.6公里/S),与较中到长英质成分的热和可能部分熔融的地壳一致。该地壳以更典型的波速覆盖地幔,形成强烈的莫霍面。在MSH机构周围几公里范围内的地壳和地幔Vs的尖锐边界与从弧前低热流到高弧热流的尖锐边界相关联,表明这里的地壳地体边界与热结构耦合,集中了熔体从下地壳向西向弧形火山的横向输送。
Mount St. Helens (MSH) lies in the forearc of the Cascades where conditions should be too cold for volcanism. To better understand thermal conditions and magma pathways beneath MSH, data from a dense broadband array are used to produce high‐resolution tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle. Rayleigh‐wave phase‐velocity maps and three‐dimensional images of shear velocity (Vs), generated from ambient noise and earthquake surface waves, show that west of MSH the middle‐lower crust is anomalously fast (3.95 ± 0.1 km/s), overlying an anomalously slow uppermost mantle (4.0–4.2 km/s). This combination renders the forearc Moho weak to invisible, with crustal velocity variations being a primary cause; fast crust is necessary to explain the absent Moho. Comparison with predicted rock velocities indicates that the fast crust likely consists of gabbros and basalts of the Siletzia terrane, an accreted oceanic plateau. East of MSH where magmatism is abundant, middle‐lower crustVsis low (3.45–3.6 km/s), consistent with hot and potentially partly molten crust of more intermediate to felsic composition. This crust overlies mantle with more typical wave speeds, producing a strong Moho. The sharp boundary in crust and mantleVswithin a few kilometers of the MSH edifice correlates with a sharp boundary from low heat flow in the forearc to high arc heat flow and demonstrates that the crustal terrane boundary here couples with thermal structure to focus lateral melt transport from the lower crust westward to arc volcanoes.
华盛顿州西南部地壳断裂带的区域构造和地震灾害影响
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DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2017.01.005
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