Silent play in a loud theatre — Dominantly time-dependent soil development in the geomorphically active proglacial area of the Gepatsch glacier, Austria
Silent play in a loud theatre — Dominantly time-dependent soil development in the geomorphically active proglacial area of the Gepatsch glacier, Austria
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喧闹剧院中的无声戏剧 â 奥地利格帕奇冰川地貌活跃的前冰川区土壤发育主要依赖于时间
DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2016.06.042
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Harlaar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A.J.A.M;Heckmann;Harlaar
上个世纪的气候变化，表现为气温上升，欧洲阿尔卑斯山的气候变化比北半球的平均水平要强得多。这导致冰川快速退缩和永久冻土退化，从而增加了大规模浪费的速度和风险，春季发生更极端的洪水，夏季基流减少。我们对冰川消融加剧和地貌活动与冰川地区土壤发育之间的相互作用还不够了解。这两个过程都影响到风暴流的衰减、基流的提供以及阿尔卑斯山山谷未来的地质、土壤和生物多样性。然而，尽管已知土壤-景观相互作用的重要性，到目前为止，土壤和景观只被孤立地研究。我们的目标是评估地貌活跃的冰川地区(喧闹的剧场)的土壤发展(无声戏剧)是否主要是冰川消退以来的时间函数--就像在地貌不活跃的冰川地区经常观察到的那样。我们使用条件拉丁超立方体抽样在奥地利西部的Gepatsch冰川冰川地区选择了97个地点，这些地点最好地覆盖了土壤年龄和地形位置的变化。所有地点都进行了标准的土壤观测。土壤发展指标则与冰川消退以来的时间和一系列地貌变量有关。结果表明，冰川消退以来的时间确实是一个重要的解释变量，Gepatsch冰川冰川地区的土壤发育与其他一些研究充分的山谷的土壤发展大致相同。地貌变量是土壤发育的重要共同决定因素，具有很强的尺度依赖性。土壤性质的变化随着时间的推移而增加，目前冰川地区的有机质储存量约为每年330千克。
Climate change over the last century, expressed as temperature increase, is substantially stronger in the European Alps than the average for the northern Hemisphere. This leads to fast glacial retreat and permafrost degradation, and hence to increased rates and risks of mass wasting, more extreme floods in spring and lower base flow in summer. We do not know enough about the interplay between increased proglacial mass wasting and geomorphic activity on the one hand, and soil development on proglacial areas on the other hand. Both processes affect the attenuation of storm flow, provision of base flow and the future geo-, pedo- and biodiversity of Alpine valleys. However, despite the known importance of soil-landscape interactions, soils and landscapes have so far only been studied in isolation. Our objective was to assess whether soil development (the silent play) in a geomorphically active proglacial area (the loud theatre) was nonetheless dominantly a function of time since glacial retreat – as often observed in geomorphically inactive proglacial areas. We used conditional Latin Hypercube sampling to select 97 locations in the Gepatsch glacier proglacial area in the west of Austria that best cover variation in soil age and topographic position. Standard soil observations were done in all locations. Soil development indicators were then related to time since glacial retreat and a range of geomorphic variables. Results indicate that time since glacial retreat indeed remains an important explanatory variable, and that soil development in the Gepatsch glacier proglacial area roughly equals that in some other well-studied valleys. Geomorphic variables were found to be significant co-determinants of soil development, with a strong scale-dependency. Variation in soil properties increased over time, and the storage of organic matter in the proglacial area is currently in the order of 330 kg per year.
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