Emergent mechanical properties of biomimetic exoskeletal metamaterials

Emergent mechanical properties of biomimetic exoskeletal metamaterials
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仿生外骨骼超材料的新兴机械性能

DOI:
10.1117/12.2584345
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
SPIE Smart Structures + Nondestructive Evaluation
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ghosh, Ranajay R.
Ghosh, Ranajay R.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ebrahimi, Hossein;Ali, Hessein;Stephen, Jeremy;Dharmavaram, Sanjay;Ghosh, Ranajay R.

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外骨骼,如鱼和蛇上的鳞片,是一种关键的进化适应。经过数百万年的进化压力磨练,它们天生重量轻,但功能多样,有助于保护、移动和光学伪装。这使得它们成为仿生技术的一个有吸引力的候选者,用于生产高性能多功能材料,应用于软机器人、可穿戴设备、高能效智能皮肤和按需可调材料。典型地说,仿生样品可以通过在较软的衬底上部分嵌入更坚硬的板状片段来创建具有重叠鳞片的双材料系统来制造。最近对其力学行为的研究表明,许多这些行为的起源不仅是由于载荷分布,而且是因为变形、滑动和界面行为的复杂相互作用。这种相互作用导致了在鳞片或衬底的母材中通常看不到的性能组合。在这里,我们回顾和介绍了它们的一些有趣行为的起源,包括弯曲和扭转中的非线性和方向性应变硬化,结合了阻力和运动增加刚度的摩擦的双重性质,动态载荷中的浮现粘性,以及非赫兹接触力学。我们将提供管理结构-特性关系的简单数学定律的推导,以帮助指导设计。我们还将展示非机械性能的可能性,如基本结构着色和地形影响的质量沉积。最后,我们提供了对未来发展和挑战的看法。
Exoskeletons, such as scales on fishes and snakes were a critical evolutionary adaptation. Honed by millions of years of evolutionary pressures, they are inherently lightweight and yet multifunctional, aiding in protection, locomotion and optical camouflaging. This makes them an attractive candidate for biomimicry to produce high performance multifunctional materials with applications to soft robotics, wearables, energy efficient smart skins and on-demand tunable materials. Canonically speaking, biomimetic samples can be fabricating by partially embedding stiffer plate like segments on softer substrates to create a bi-material system, with overlapping scales. Recent investigations on their mechanics have shown that the origins of many of these behaviors are not merely due to load distribution but because of an intricate interplay of deformation, sliding and interfacial behavior. Such interplay give rise to property combinations that are typically not visible in the parent material of either the scales or the substrates. Here we review and present the origins of some of their fascinating behavior which include nonlinear and directional strain stiffening in both bending and twisting, dual nature of friction which combines both resistance as well as adding stiffness to motion, emergent viscosity in dynamic loading, and non-Hertzian contact mechanics. We will provide derivation of simple mathematical laws that govern structure- property relationships that can help guide design. We will also demonstrate possibilities in non-mechanical properties such as elementary structural coloration and topography influenced mass deposition. We conclude by providing perspectives of future development and challenges.
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影响因子: 3.6
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