Characteristics of the global thermal tropopause derived from multiple radio occultation measurements
Characteristics of the global thermal tropopause derived from multiple radio occultation measurements
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多次射电掩星测量得出的全球热对流层顶特征
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.09.013
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Zhong Shi-ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Wei;Yuan Yun-bin;Chai Yan-Ju;Liou Yuei-An;Ou Ji-kun;Zhong Shi-ming
热对流层顶代表环境递减率从对流层正值变为平流层负值的大气区域。它还定义了大气层的高度，在该高度下，除热带地区偶尔出现过冲雷暴外，还会发生重大天气扰动。因此，热对流层顶的时间和空间变化如何表现是大气研究中非常关注的问题，因此，本研究利用从2001年5月至2013年4月期间的七次太空任务（总共6,075,359次掩星）获得的射电掩星（RO）观测数据进行研究。虽然 RO 观测已被证明可以提供大气温度剖面的精确测量，但在进一步用于我们的分析之前，它们的结果会进行相互比较，显示对流层上部和平流层下部的平均差 < 0.06 K 和标准差 < 1.6 K 的预期高精度观测。给定一个相当大的全球多空间任务RO测量数据集，可以非常详细地描述对流层顶的空间结构和变化，并可以获得90°S至90°N每个2°纬度带的月平均纬向平均对流层顶参数。观察到热对流层顶的季节周期、空间分布、年际变化和日变化等许多有趣的特征。例如，除了1月份的初级最低温度外，赤道对流层顶温度在4月份出现了次级最低温度，这可能是由两个半球强烈组合的波浪强迫造成的；热带冬季，对流层顶温度极值分布与高度极值在空间上并不完全重合，与热带强对流系统位置吻合较好；在热带和温带地区都观察到年际特征显着的纬向不对称性。在热带和北极地区，局部地区的对流层顶参数和平流层温度以及纬向平均结果之间存在着密切的相关性，而在中纬度地区则没有观察到这种关系；赤道对流层顶的日变化显示早晨气温较高，午夜气温较低。
Thermal tropopause represents the region of the atmosphere where the environmental lapse rate changes from tropospheric positive to stratospheric negative. It also defines the altitude of the atmosphere beneath which significant weather perturbations occur except occasional overshooting thunderstorms in the tropical regions. Accordingly, how the temporal and spatial variability of thermal tropopause behaves is of great concern in atmospheric research and, hence, investigated in this study by using radio occultation (RO) observations obtained from seven space missions during the period from May 2001 to April 2013 (with a total of 6,075,359 occultations). While RO observations have been demonstrated to provide precise measurements of temperature profiles of the atmosphere, their results are inter-compared before further use in our analysis, showing expected high-precision observations with mean differences < 0.06 K and standard deviations < 1.6 K in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Given a rather large data set of multi- space-mission RO measurements taken globally, a very detailed description of spatial structure and variability of the tropopause is revealed, and monthly mean zonal mean tropopause parameters in each 2° latitude band from 90°S to 90°N can be obtained. Many interesting features of seasonal cycle, spatial distribution, interannual variation, and diurnal variation of the thermal tropopause are observed. For examples, except for the primary minimum in January, the equatorial tropopause temperature exhibits a secondary minimum in April, possibly caused by the strongly combined wave forcing from two hemispheres; During the boreal winter over the tropics, the distribution of tropopause temperature extrema do not totally coincide with the altitude extrema spatially, and the former has a better agreement with the locations of strong tropical convection systems; Notable zonal asymmetries in interannual characteristics are observed in both tropical and extratropical regions. In both the tropics and Arctic, close correlation of the interannual variations is revealed between tropopause parameters and stratospheric temperatures in localized regions as well as zonal mean results while no such relationship is observed in the middle latitudes; and Diurnal variation of the equatorial tropopause shows warmer temperature in the morning and cooler value at midnight.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Santer, BD;Wehner, MF;Brüggemann, W
通讯作者：
Brüggemann, W
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
A. Engeln;Y. Andres;C. Marquardt;F. Sancho
通讯作者：
A. Engeln;Y. Andres;C. Marquardt;F. Sancho
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
T. Schmidt;J. Wickert;S. Heise;F. Flechtner;E. Fagiolini;G. Schwarz;Lieselotte Zenner;T. Gruber
通讯作者：
T. Schmidt;J. Wickert;S. Heise;F. Flechtner;E. Fagiolini;G. Schwarz;Lieselotte Zenner;T. Gruber
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Kuo, YH;Wee, TK;Anthes, RA
通讯作者：
Anthes, RA
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Randel;Fei Wu;Waleska Rivera Ríos
通讯作者：
W. Randel;Fei Wu;Waleska Rivera Ríos