Histone variants at a glance.

Histone variants at a glance.
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DOI:
10.1242/jcs.244749
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发表时间:
2021-03-26
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Henikoff S
Henikoff S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Talbert PB;Henikoff S

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真核核小体通过将 147 bp 的 DNA 包裹在组蛋白核心颗粒周围来组织染色质,该核心颗粒包含组蛋白 H2A、H2B、H3 和 H4 各两个分子。进入和离开颗粒的 DNA 可以通过接头组蛋白 H1 结合。虽然大量组蛋白的沉积仅限于 S 期,但常见组蛋白的旁系同源物(称为组蛋白变体)可在整个细胞周期中发挥功能并在有丝分裂后细胞中积累。组蛋白变体通过包裹或多或少的 DNA 或改变核小体稳定性,赋予核小体不同的结构特性。它们在 DNA 修复、染色体分离和转录起始调节中发挥专门的功能,或发挥组织特异性的作用。在这篇《细胞科学概览》文章和随附的海报中,我们简要研究了对组蛋白起源的新见解,并讨论了每个组蛋白家族的变异,重点关注结构差异如何改变其功能。摘要:组蛋白变体通过包裹或多或少的 DNA、改变核小体稳定性或执行特殊功能来改变核小体的结构特性。
Eukaryotic nucleosomes organize chromatin by wrapping 147 bp of DNA around a histone core particle comprising two molecules each of histone H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The DNA entering and exiting the particle may be bound by the linker histone H1. Whereas deposition of bulk histones is confined to S-phase, paralogs of the common histones, known as histone variants, are available to carry out functions throughout the cell cycle and accumulate in post-mitotic cells. Histone variants confer different structural properties on nucleosomes by wrapping more or less DNA or by altering nucleosome stability. They carry out specialized functions in DNA repair, chromosome segregation and regulation of transcription initiation, or perform tissue-specific roles. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly examine new insights into histone origins and discuss variants from each of the histone families, focusing on how structural differences may alter their functions. Summary: Histone variants change the structural properties of nucleosomes by wrapping more or less DNA, altering nucleosome stability or carrying out specialized functions.
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