Astrometric follow-up observations of directly imaged sub-stellar companions to young stars and brown dwarfs

Astrometric follow-up observations of directly imaged sub-stellar companions to young stars and brown dwarfs
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对年轻恒星和褐矮星直接成像的亚恒星伴星的天体测量后续观测

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stu1586
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Berndt A.
Berndt A.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ginski C;Schmidt T.O.B;Mugrauer M;Neuhäuser R;Vogt N;Errmann R;Berndt A.

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在与主星的预计距离较大的情况下,大质量行星或棕矮星伴星的形成尚不清楚。为了对编队场景施加限制,我们在系统的轨道动力学中寻找特征。我们对偏心率和倾角特别感兴趣,因为这些参数可能告诉我们系统的动态历史以及在哪里寻找额外的低质量次恒星伴星。为此,我们利用 VLT/NACO 拍摄了六个目标系统的几张经过良好校准的高分辨率图像,并将它们与这些系统的可用文献数据点以及哈勃太空望远镜档案数据一起进行分析。我们使用统计最小二乘蒙特卡罗方法来约束所有显示主星和伴星显着差分运动的系统的轨道元素。我们首次证明 GQ Lup 系统在分离和位置角度方面都显示出显着变化。我们的分析得出了该系统的最佳拟合轨道,这些轨道是偏心的(e 在 0.21 和 0.69 之间),但不能排除高倾角的圆形轨道。根据我们的天体测量,我们讨论 GQ Lup 系统的形成场景。此外,我们还发现了 GQ Lup 的一个更微弱的新伴星候选者,它很可能是一个背景物体。我们还更新了 PZ Tel 系统的轨道约束,确认伴星处于高度偏心率轨道上,且 e> 0.62。最后,我们高度重视地表明,在 DH Tau、HD 203030 和 1RXS J160929.1−210524 系统中没有观察到轨道运动,并给出了迄今为止 UScoCTIO 108 系统最精确的相对天体测量。
The formation of massive planetary or brown dwarf companions at large projected separations from their host star is not yet well understood. In order to put constraints on formation scenarios, we search for signatures in the orbit dynamics of the systems. We are specifically interested in the eccentricities and inclinations since those parameters might tell us about the dynamic history of the systems and where to look for additional low-mass sub-stellar companions. For this purpose, we utilized VLT/NACO to take several well-calibrated high-resolution images of six target systems and analyse them together with available literature data points of those systems as well asHubble Space Telescopearchival data. We used a statistical least-squares Monte Carlo approach to constrain the orbit elements of all systems that showed significant differential motion of the primary star and companion. We show for the first time that the GQ Lup system shows significant change in both separation and position angle. Our analysis yields best-fitting orbits for this system, which are eccentric (e between 0.21 and 0.69), but cannot rule out circular orbits at high inclinations. Given our astrometry, we discuss formation scenarios of the GQ Lup system. In addition, we detected an even fainter new companion candidate to GQ Lup, which is most likely a background object. We also updated the orbit constraints of the PZ Tel system, confirming that the companion is on a highly eccentric orbit withe> 0.62. Finally, we show with a high significance, that there is no orbital motion observed in the cases of the DH Tau, HD 203030 and 1RXS J160929.1−210524 systems, and give the most precise relative astrometric measurement of the UScoCTIO 108 system to date.
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