Fitness costs of parasites explain multiple life history tradeoffs in a wild mammal

Fitness costs of parasites explain multiple life history tradeoffs in a wild mammal
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寄生虫的健康成本解释了野生哺乳动物的多种生活史权衡

DOI:
10.1101/683094
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Albery G
Albery G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Albery G

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野生动物的繁殖会将有限的资源从免疫防御中转移出来,导致寄生虫负担增加。生活史理论的一个长期预测表明,这些寄生虫可能会损害生殖个体,降低其随后的存活率和繁殖力,产生繁殖与适宜的权衡。在这里,我们研究了个体识别的马鹿(Cervus Elaffus)野生种群的生殖分配、免疫力、寄生性和随后的生存和繁殖力之间的关系。利用通径分析,我们调查了哺乳成本在下游存活率和繁殖力方面是否受到线虫数量和粘膜抗体水平变化的影响。哺乳期雌鼠表现出寄生虫数量的增加,这反过来又与第二年在越冬存活率、繁殖力、随后的小牛体重和分娩日期方面的健康状况大幅下降有关。这项研究为寄生虫对多种生活史权衡的调节提供了观察证据,支持了寄生虫作为野生哺乳动物种群的重要中介因素的作用。
Reproduction in wild animals can divert limited resources away from immune defense, resulting in increased parasite burdens. A long-standing prediction of life-history theory states that these parasites can harm the reproductive individual, reducing its subsequent survival and fecundity, producing reproduction-fitness trade-offs. Here, we examined associations among reproductive allocation, immunity, parasitism, and subsequent survival and fecundity in a wild population of individually identified red deer (Cervus elaphus). Using path analysis, we investigated whether costs of lactation in terms of downstream survival and fecundity were mediated by changes in strongyle nematode count and mucosal antibody levels. Lactating females exhibited increased parasite counts, which were in turn associated with substantially decreased fitness in the following year in terms of overwinter survival, fecundity, subsequent calf weight, and parturition date. This study offers observational evidence for parasite regulation of multiple life-history trade-offs, supporting the role of parasites as an important mediating factor in wild mammal populations.
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