Identification of an ancient endogenous retrovirus, predating the divergence of the placental mammals.

Identification of an ancient endogenous retrovirus, predating the divergence of the placental mammals.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2012.0503
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发表时间:
2013-09-19
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tristem M
Tristem M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee A;Nolan A;Watson J;Tristem M

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哺乳动物和逆转录病毒之间的进化军备竞赛一直被认为是最古老的宿主-寄生虫相互作用之一。外源性逆转录病毒的快速进化速率常常使准确的病毒年龄估计成为高度问题。然而,内源性逆转录病毒(ERV)整合到其宿主的种系中,并受到其进化速率的影响。这项研究首次描述了一种逆转录病毒的直系同源物,其出现时间早于胎盘哺乳动物的分化,最小年龄为1亿4 - 1亿1千万年。同时,其他的正向自私的遗传元件(SGE),插入到ERV序列,提供了证据,最古老的个人的全马里亚散布重复和中等重复频率散布重复哺乳动物重复,具有相同的最小年龄。共享的SGE和病毒同源性重建的组合使用定义了新的限制,并增加了最大的“回头看”时间,与古病毒学领域的后续影响。
The evolutionary arms race between mammals and retroviruses has long been recognized as one of the oldest host–parasite interactions. Rapid evolution rates in exogenous retroviruses have often made accurate viral age estimations highly problematic. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), however, integrate into the germline of their hosts, and are subjected to their evolutionary rates. This study describes, for the first time, a retroviral orthologue predating the divergence of placental mammals, giving it a minimum age of 104–110 Myr. Simultaneously, other orthologous selfish genetic elements (SGEs), inserted into the ERV sequence, provide evidence for the oldest individual mammalian-wide interspersed repeat and medium-reiteration frequency interspersed repeat mammalian repeats, with the same minimum age. The combined use of shared SGEs and reconstruction of viral orthologies defines new limits and increases maximum ‘lookback’ times, with subsequent implications for the field of paleovirology.
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