Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp.
Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp.
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DOI：
10.1080/21505594.2023.2180932
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发表时间：
2023-12
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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动物流行病学家经常遇到贝类血淋巴（血液等价物）中的共生菌和致病菌。血甲藻属（Hematodinium）就是其中一个类群，它包含了几个在十足类甲壳动物中引起衰弱性疾病的物种。海岸Carcinus maenas是微寄生虫的移动的储存库，包括血甲藻属，从而对其他共存的重要商业物种构成风险，例如绒蟹（Necora puber）。尽管广泛流行和记录的季节性血吸虫感染的动态，有一个关于宿主病原体寄生虫病的知识差距，即血吸虫如何避免宿主的免疫防御。在此，我们询问血甲藻阳性和血甲藻阴性蟹的血淋巴的细胞外囊泡（EV）概况（细胞通讯的代理），以及精氨酸脱亚胺酶进行的翻译后瓜氨酸/脱亚胺化的蛋白质组特征，这可以推断病理状态。与血吸虫阴性对照相比，寄生蟹血淋巴中的循环EV数量显著减少，伴随着较小的EV模态大小特征（尽管不显著）。在寄生蟹和对照蟹之间的血淋巴中观察到瓜氨酸化/脱亚胺化靶蛋白的差异，在前者中识别出的总体命中较少。三种特异于寄生蟹血淋巴的脱亚氨基蛋白是肌动蛋白、唐氏综合征细胞粘附分子（DSCAM）和一氧化氮合酶-有助于先天免疫的因子。我们的报告，第一次，血甲藻属。可以干扰EV生物合成，蛋白脱亚氨基是一个假定的免疫调节甲壳动物血甲藻相互作用的机制。
Epizootiologists recurrently encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph (blood equivalent) of shellfish. One such group is the dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium, which contains several species that cause debilitating disease in decapod crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas acts as a mobile reservoir of microparasites, including Hematodinium sp., thereby posing a risk to other co-located commercially important species, e.g. velvet crabs (Necora puber). Despite the widespread prevalence and documented seasonality of Hematodinium infection dynamics, there is a knowledge gap regarding host-pathogen antibiosis, namely, how Hematodinium avoids the host’s immune defences. Herein, we interrogated the haemolymph of Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-negative crabs for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiles (a proxy for cellular communication), alongside proteomic signatures for post-translational citrullination/deimination performed by arginine deiminases, which can infer a pathologic state. Circulating EV numbers in parasitized crab haemolymph were reduced significantly, accompanied by smaller EV modal size profiles (albeit non-significantly) when compared to Hematodinium-negative controls. Differences were observed for citrullinated/deiminated target proteins in the haemolymph between the parasitized and control crabs, with fewer hits identified overall in the former. Three deiminated proteins specific to parasitized crab haemolymph were actin, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), and nitric oxide synthase – factors that contribute to innate immunity. We report, for the first time, Hematodinium sp. could interfere with EV biogenesis, and that protein deimination is a putative mechanism of immune-modulation in crustacean-Hematodinium interactions.
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