Extracellular Vesicles and Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Mollusca-The Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis), Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria), Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and Atlantic Jacknife Clam (Ensis leei).
Extracellular Vesicles and Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Mollusca-The Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis), Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria), Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and Atlantic Jacknife Clam (Ensis leei).
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DOI：
10.3390/biology9120416
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发表时间：
2020-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lange S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowden TJ;Kraev I;Lange S
牡蛎和文蛤是食物链和粮食安全的重要组成部分，在世界范围内具有相当大的商业价值。他们受到污染和气候变化以及一系列感染的影响，其中一些是机会主义的。为了水产养殖的目的，它们还具有很大的商业价值，它们免疫反应的变化也可以作为海洋环境变化的指标。因此，了解它们免疫系统中的新因素可能有助于发现新的生物标记物，具有相当大的价值。这项研究评估了与四种经济上重要的海洋软体动物--蓝贻贝、软壳蚌、东方牡蛎和大西洋刀蛤的蛋白质功能变化有关的新的生物标志物。这些发现表明了这些软体动物重要的代谢和免疫相关途径的新的调节机制。这些发现为这些途径如何在不同的动物物种中以不同的方式发挥作用提供了新的理解，并有助于软体动物水产养殖的新的生物标志物的发现。牡蛎和文蛤对世界各地的粮食安全和商业价值都很重要。它们受到人为变化和机会性病原体的影响，可以作为海洋环境变化的指标。因此，对生物标志物发现的研究具有相当大的价值。本研究旨在评估四种有商业价值的软体动物物种--紫贻贝(Mytilus Edulis)、文蛤(Mya Arenaria)、东方牡蛎(Crassostrea Virgiica)和大西洋文蛤(Ensis Leei)--血淋巴的胞外囊泡(EV)特征和翻译后蛋白质脱除谱。EV通过运输蛋白质和遗传货物形成细胞通讯的一部分，并在免疫和宿主与病原体的相互作用中发挥作用。蛋白质脱亚胺是由肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶(PADS)引起的翻译后修饰，可以促进蛋白质在健康和疾病中的兼职。目前的研究确定了四个软体动物物种的血淋巴EV图谱，揭示了一些物种差异。在蓝贻贝中，这些蛋白质包括重金属结合蛋白、热休克蛋白60和90、2-磷酸-D-甘油酸水解酶、GTP环水解酶反馈调节蛋白、钠/钾转运蛋白ATPase和纤维蛋白原结构域。在文蛤中，特异的脱氧核蛋白包括动力蛋白、MCM3相关蛋白和SCRN。在东方牡蛎中，特异的缺失包括肌肉LIM蛋白、β-1，3-葡聚糖结合蛋白、肌球蛋白重链、Taumatin样蛋白、VWFA结构域蛋白、BTB结构域蛋白、淀粉酶和β-连环素。此外，一些蛋白质在两个或三个所研究的双壳类物种之间是共同的(例如，EP蛋白、包含C1q结构域的蛋白、组蛋白H2B、微管蛋白、延伸因子1-α、支配蛋白、细胞外超氧化物歧化酶)。蛋白质相互作用网络分析揭示了与免疫和新陈代谢相关的主要途径，为通过脱氨基进行翻译后调控提供了新的见解。这项研究有助于确定EV在不同分类群中的特征，并了解在整个系统发育过程中PAD介导的免疫和代谢途径调节的作用。
Oysters and clams form an important component of the food chain and food security and are of considerable commercial value worldwide. They are affected by pollution and climate change, as well as a range of infections, some of which are opportunistic. For aquaculture purposes they are furthermore of great commercial value and changes in their immune responses can also serve as indicators of changes in ocean environments. Therefore, studies into understanding new factors in their immune systems may aid new biomarker discovery and are of considerable value. This study assessed new biomarkers relating to changes in protein function in four economically important marine molluscs, the blue mussel, soft shell clam, Eastern oyster, and Atlantic jacknife clam. These findings indicate novel regulatory mechanisms of important metabolic and immunology related pathways in these mollusks. The findings provide new understanding to how these pathways function in diverse ways in different animal species as well as aiding new biomarker discovery for Mollusca aquaculture. Oysters and clams are important for food security and of commercial value worldwide. They are affected by anthropogenic changes and opportunistic pathogens and can be indicators of changes in ocean environments. Therefore, studies into biomarker discovery are of considerable value. This study aimed at assessing extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures and post-translational protein deimination profiles of hemolymph from four commercially valuable Mollusca species, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), soft shell clam (Mya arenaria), Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and Atlantic jacknife clam (Ensis leei). EVs form part of cellular communication by transporting protein and genetic cargo and play roles in immunity and host–pathogen interactions. Protein deimination is a post-translational modification caused by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), and can facilitate protein moonlighting in health and disease. The current study identified hemolymph-EV profiles in the four Mollusca species, revealing some species differences. Deiminated protein candidates differed in hemolymph between the species, with some common targets between all four species (e.g., histone H3 and H4, actin, and GAPDH), while other hits were species-specific; in blue mussel these included heavy metal binding protein, heat shock proteins 60 and 90, 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, GTP cyclohydrolase feedback regulatory protein, sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase, and fibrinogen domain containing protein. In soft shell clam specific deimination hits included dynein, MCM3-associated protein, and SCRN. In Eastern oyster specific deimination hits included muscle LIM protein, beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein, myosin heavy chain, thaumatin-like protein, vWFA domain-containing protein, BTB domain-containing protein, amylase, and beta-catenin. Deiminated proteins specific to Atlantic jackknife clam included nacre c1q domain-containing protein and PDZ domain-containing protein In addition, some proteins were common as deiminated targets between two or three of the Bivalvia species under study (e.g., EP protein, C1q domain containing protein, histone H2B, tubulin, elongation factor 1-alpha, dominin, extracellular superoxide dismutase). Protein interaction network analysis for the deiminated protein hits revealed major pathways relevant for immunity and metabolism, providing novel insights into post-translational regulation via deimination. The study contributes to EV characterization in diverse taxa and understanding of roles for PAD-mediated regulation of immune and metabolic pathways throughout phylogeny.
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