A comparison of respiratory particle emission rates at rest and while speaking or exercising.
A comparison of respiratory particle emission rates at rest and while speaking or exercising.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s43856-022-00103-w
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shah, Pallav L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orton, Christopher M.;Symons, Henry E.;Moseley, Benjamin;Archer, Justice;Watson, Natalie A.;Philip, Keir E. J.;Sheikh, Sadiyah;Saccente-Kennedy, Brian;Costello, Declan;Browne, William J.;Calder, James D.;Bzdek, Bryan R.;Hull, James H.;Reid, Jonathan P.;Shah, Pallav L.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情导致禁止团体运动及取消体育赛事。呼吸气溶胶排放的评估是必要的，以量化运动相关的传播风险，并告知缓解策略。气溶胶质量排放率是根据同时的气溶胶和通风数据计算的，从而可以进行绝对比较。空气动力学粒度分析仪（直径0.54-20 μm）从心肺运动测试面罩内呼气，在休息时，说话时和基于自行车测力计的运动期间。进行运动挑战测试以复制典型的基于健身房的运动和非常剧烈的运动，如通过先前的最大极限运动测试所确定的。我们提供了25名健康受试者（13名男性，12名女性; 36.4岁）的数据。在休息和运动时产生的气溶胶颗粒大小相似（单峰~0.57-0.71 µm），而发声也产生较大尺寸的气溶胶颗粒（即双峰~0.69和~1.74 µm）。说话（0.092 ng s−1;每分钟通气量（VE）15.1 L min−1）和剧烈运动（0.207 ng s−1，p = 0.726; VE 62.6 L min−1）期间的气溶胶质量排放率相似，但低于剧烈运动期间（0.682 ng s−1，p < 0.001; VE 113.6 L min−1）。与休息时的呼吸相比，发声驱动更大的气溶胶质量排放率。运动中气溶胶的质量排放率随强度的增加而增加。在剧烈运动期间的气溶胶质量排放率与在会话水平上说话没有什么不同。针对非运动型社会互动（包括发声）的空气传播病原体的缓解策略可能适用于大多数运动环境。然而，运动时使用面罩可能效果不太好，因为产生的颗粒尺寸较小。引起COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2病毒和其他呼吸道病毒通过呼吸或说话时排放的呼吸道颗粒传播。这些病毒的传播将部分取决于这些粒子的发射速率。在这里，我们研究了健康人在休息时呼吸、说话和在静态自行车上运动时的呼吸颗粒大小和排放率。我们发现说话会产生更大的颗粒，而锻炼会产生更小的颗粒。在说话和典型的健身房为基础的运动过程中的粒子排放率是相似的，但低于非常剧烈的运动中测量的值。这些发现有助于我们了解不同活动期间呼吸道颗粒物的排放，并表明COVID-19的预防措施，如社交距离，用于涉及说话的非运动型社交互动，可能适用于大多数运动环境。奥顿和西蒙斯等人通过对参与者在休息、说话或锻炼时的呼气进行采样来比较呼吸颗粒大小和排放率。他们发现，发声会产生更大的颗粒，虽然说话和剧烈运动的排放率相似，但剧烈运动会导致更高的排放率。
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the prohibition of group-based exercise and the cancellation of sporting events. Evaluation of respiratory aerosol emissions is necessary to quantify exercise-related transmission risk and inform mitigation strategies. Aerosol mass emission rates are calculated from concurrent aerosol and ventilation data, enabling absolute comparison. An aerodynamic particle sizer (0.54–20 μm diameter) samples exhalate from within a cardiopulmonary exercise testing mask, at rest, while speaking and during cycle ergometer-based exercise. Exercise challenge testing is performed to replicate typical gym-based exercise and very vigorous exercise, as determined by a preceding maximally exhaustive exercise test. We present data from 25 healthy participants (13 males, 12 females; 36.4 years). The size of aerosol particles generated at rest and during exercise is similar (unimodal ~0.57–0.71 µm), whereas vocalization also generated aerosol particles of larger size (i.e. was bimodal ~0.69 and ~1.74 µm). The aerosol mass emission rate during speaking (0.092 ng s−1; minute ventilation (VE) 15.1 L min−1) and vigorous exercise (0.207 ng s−1, p = 0.726; VE 62.6 L min−1) is similar, but lower than during very vigorous exercise (0.682 ng s−1, p < 0.001; VE 113.6 L min−1). Vocalisation drives greater aerosol mass emission rates, compared to breathing at rest. Aerosol mass emission rates in exercise rise with intensity. Aerosol mass emission rates during vigorous exercise are no different from speaking at a conversational level. Mitigation strategies for airborne pathogens for non-exercise-based social interactions incorporating vocalisation, may be suitable for the majority of exercise settings. However, the use of facemasks when exercising may be less effective, given the smaller size of particles produced. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses are transmitted via respiratory particles emitted while breathing or speaking. Transmission of these viruses will depend in part on the rate at which these particles are emitted. Here, we studied respiratory particle sizes and emission rates in healthy people while breathing at rest, while speaking and during exercise on a static bicycle. We find that speaking generates larger particles and exercise generates smaller particles. The particle emission rate during speaking and typical gym-based exercise was similar but lower than values measured during very vigorous exercise. These findings help us to understand the emission of respiratory particles during different activities, and suggest that preventative measures for COVID-19 such as social distancing, used for non-exercise-based social interactions involving speaking, may be suitable for the majority of exercise settings. Orton and Symons et al. compare respiratory particle sizes and emission rates by sampling exhalates from participants at rest, and while speaking or exercising. They find that vocalisation produces larger particles and that while emission rates are similar between speaking and vigorous exercise, very vigorous exercise leads to higher rates.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
BORG, GAV
通讯作者：
BORG, GAV
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Gregson, Florence K. A.;Sheikh, Sadiyah;Reid, Jonathan P.
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan P.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Cappa CD;Asadi S;Barreda S;Wexler AS;Bouvier NM;Ristenpart WD
通讯作者：
Ristenpart WD
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Piercy, Katrina L.;Troiano, Richard P.;Ballard, Rachel M.;Carlson, Susan A.;Fulton, Janet E.;Galuska, Deborah A.;George, Stephanie M.;Olson, Richard D.
通讯作者：
Olson, Richard D.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Leclerc, Quentin J;Fuller, Naomi M;Knight, Gwenan M
通讯作者：
Knight, Gwenan M