Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review.
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review.
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饮用水硝酸盐和人类健康：更新的评论。
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15071557
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发表时间：
2018-07-23
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
van Breda SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward MH;Jones RR;Brender JD;de Kok TM;Weyer PJ;Nolan BT;Villanueva CM;van Breda SG
我们水资源中的硝酸盐水平在世界许多地区都有所增加，这在很大程度上是由于在农业地区使用无机肥料和动物粪便。公共饮用水中硝酸盐的监管限制是为了预防婴儿高铁血红蛋白血症，但没有考虑其他对健康的影响。如果在增加N-亚硝基化合物形成的条件下摄入硝酸盐，可能会增加患特定癌症和出生缺陷的风险。我们以前回顾了2005年前关于饮用水中硝酸盐摄入与癌症、不良生殖后果和其他健康影响的流行病学研究。自那次审查以来，30多项流行病学研究评估了饮用水硝酸盐和这些结果。最常见的研究终点是结直肠癌、膀胱癌和乳腺癌(各三项研究)，以及甲状腺疾病(四项研究)。考虑到所有研究，饮用水硝酸盐摄入量与不良健康后果(除高铁血红蛋白血症外)之间关系的最有力证据是结直肠癌、甲状腺疾病和神经管缺陷。许多研究观察到，摄入低于监管限值的硝酸盐水会增加风险。未来对这些和其他健康后果的研究应包括改进暴露评估和准确描述影响内源性亚硝化作用的个别因素。
Nitrate levels in our water resources have increased in many areas of the world largely due to applications of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure in agricultural areas. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and birth defects may be increased when nitrate is ingested under conditions that increase formation of N-nitroso compounds. We previously reviewed epidemiologic studies before 2005 of nitrate intake from drinking water and cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes and other health effects. Since that review, more than 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated drinking water nitrate and these outcomes. The most common endpoints studied were colorectal cancer, bladder, and breast cancer (three studies each), and thyroid disease (four studies). Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits. Future studies of these and other health outcomes should include improved exposure assessment and accurate characterization of individual factors that affect endogenous nitrosation.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13080796
发表时间：
2016-08-09
影响因子：
--
作者：
Albouy-Llaty M;Limousi F;Carles C;Dupuis A;Rabouan S;Migeot V
通讯作者：
Migeot V
DOI：
10.1080/00039896.1988.9935846
发表时间：
1988-03-01
期刊：
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
ARBUCKLE, TE;SHERMAN, GJ;LO, B
通讯作者：
LO, B
影响因子：
5
作者：
Brender, Jean D.;Werler, Martha M.;Canfield, Mark A.
通讯作者：
Canfield, Mark A.
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Burleigh, Mia C.;Liddle, Luke;Easton, Chris
通讯作者：
Easton, Chris
影响因子：
4
作者：
Baron, J. S.;Hall, E. K.;Boyer, E. W.
通讯作者：
Boyer, E. W.