Impact of ventilation and avoidance measures on SARS-CoV-2 risk of infection in public indoor environments.
Impact of ventilation and avoidance measures on SARS-CoV-2 risk of infection in public indoor environments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156518
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发表时间：
2022-09-10
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wallace, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghoroghi, Ali;Rezgui, Yacine;Wallace, Ruth
文献包括许多单独评估SARS-CoV-2病毒传播保护措施有效性的研究。该研究考虑了公共建筑中的高感染风险，并对室内环境质量、相关安全措施及其预防SARS-CoV-2病毒传播的功效进行了建模。模拟实验考虑了手卫生、面部遮盖和参与新冠疫苗接种计划等保护因素，以降低大学门厅的感染风险。此外，一个计算流体动力学模型的开发，模拟和分析大学门厅在三个通风制度。在不同的情况下测量了传播概率。估计表明，与原始菌株相比，Delta变体需要换气速率增加>1000倍，这实际上是不可行的。因此，适当的卫生习惯，如戴口罩，对减少继发感染至关重要。对模拟中不同保护因素的比较发现，室内接触导致的感染的总体负担取决于（i）口罩依从性，（ii）通风系统的质量，以及（iii）其他卫生习惯。依靠通风，无论是自然的，机械的，还是混合的，都不足以减轻气溶胶感染的风险。这是由于室内空间在以下方面的内部配置：（i）窗户的尺寸和数量、它们的位置和打开频率，以及空气抽取和供应入口的位置，这通常会引起具有停滞空气的热点，（ii）过度的所需换气率。因此，严格依赖适当的卫生习惯，即坚持面部覆盖物和手部消毒是必不可少的。因此，政策制定者应强调并促进在公共卫生应用中坚持佩戴口罩。可能需要使用类似方法对Omicron（B.1.1.529）变体进行类似研究。
The literature includes many studies which individually assess the efficacy of protective measures against the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study considers the high infection risk in public buildings and models the quality of the indoor environment, related safety measures, and their efficacy in preventing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Simulations are created that consider protective factors such as hand hygiene, face covering and engagement with Covid-19 vaccination programs in reducing the risk of infection in a university foyer. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics model is developed to simulate and analyse the university foyer under three ventilation regimes. The probability of transmission was measured across different scenarios. Estimates suggest that the Delta variant requires the air change rate to be increased >1000 times compared to the original strain, which is practically not feasible. Consequently, appropriate hygiene practices, such as wearing masks, are essential to reducing secondary infections. A comparison of different protective factors in simulations found the overall burden of infections resulting from indoor contact depends on (i) face mask adherence, (ii) quality of the ventilation system, and (iii) other hygiene practices. Relying on ventilation, whether natural, mechanical, or mixed, is not sufficient alone to mitigate the risk of aerosol infections. This is due to the internal configuration of the indoor space in terms of (i) size and number of windows, their location and opening frequency, as well as the position of the air extraction and supply inlets, which often induce hotspots with stagnating air, (ii) the excessive required air change rate. Hence, strict reliance on proper hygiene practices, namely adherence to face coverings and hand sanitising, are essential. Consequently, face mask adherence should be emphasized and promoted by policymakers for public health applications. Similar research may need to be conducted using a similar approach on the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00167-5
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Contreras S;Priesemann V
通讯作者：
Priesemann V
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30926-9
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影响因子：
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Dodd RH;Pickles K;Nickel B;Cvejic E;Ayre J;Batcup C;Bonner C;Copp T;Cornell S;Dakin T;Isautier J;McCaffery KJ
通讯作者：
McCaffery KJ
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Cuevas, Erik
通讯作者：
Cuevas, Erik
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30840-9
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
影响因子：
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作者：
Bauch CT
通讯作者：
Bauch CT
DOI：
10.1001/jama.2021.1505
发表时间：
2021-03-09
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brooks JT;Butler JC
通讯作者：
Butler JC