TET Enzymes and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Neural Progenitor Cell Biology and Neurodevelopment.

TET Enzymes and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Neural Progenitor Cell Biology and Neurodevelopment.
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DOI:
10.3389/fcell.2021.645335
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Dawlaty MM
Dawlaty MM
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
MacArthur IC;Dawlaty MM

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对组织特异性表观基因组的研究表明,5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5 hmC)是后生动物神经系统中高度富集和动态的DNA修饰,激发了人们对这种表观遗传标记在神经发育和脑功能中的功能的兴趣。5 hmC是由5-甲基胞嘧啶(5 mC)氧化产生的,这是一个由10 - 11易位(泰特)酶催化的过程。5 hmC不仅是DNA去甲基化的中间体,而且是一种稳定的表观遗传标记。在这里,我们回顾了已知的功能5 hmC和泰特酶在神经祖细胞生物学和胚胎和出生后的神经发生。我们还讨论了如何泰特酶和5 hmC调节神经元的活动和脑功能,并强调其在人类神经发育和神经退行性疾病的影响。最后,我们提出了在该领域的突出问题,并设想新的研究方向的5 hmC和泰特酶在神经发育中的作用。
Studies of tissue-specific epigenomes have revealed 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) to be a highly enriched and dynamic DNA modification in the metazoan nervous system, inspiring interest in the function of this epigenetic mark in neurodevelopment and brain function. 5hmC is generated by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), a process catalyzed by the ten–eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. 5hmC serves not only as an intermediate in DNA demethylation but also as a stable epigenetic mark. Here, we review the known functions of 5hmC and TET enzymes in neural progenitor cell biology and embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis. We also discuss how TET enzymes and 5hmC regulate neuronal activity and brain function and highlight their implications in human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we present outstanding questions in the field and envision new research directions into the roles of 5hmC and TET enzymes in neurodevelopment.
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