Tissue distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and search for active demethylation intermediates.

Tissue distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and search for active demethylation intermediates.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0015367
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发表时间:
2010-12-23
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Carell T
Carell T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Globisch D;Münzel M;Müller M;Michalakis S;Wagner M;Koch S;Brückl T;Biel M;Carell T

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5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(hmC)是最近发现的第六个碱基在哺乳动物组织中的迄今为止有争议的水平。修饰碱基的功能目前尚不清楚,但可以肯定的是,该碱基是由5-甲基胞嘧啶(mC)产生的。这支持了这样的假设,即它代表了一个活性脱甲基过程的中间体,该过程可能涉及羟甲基进一步氧化为甲酰基或羧基,然后脱乙酰基或脱羧。在这里,我们使用超灵敏和准确的同位素为基础的LC-MS方法,以精确地确定在各种小鼠组织中的hmC的水平,我们搜索5-甲酰胞嘧啶(fC),5-羧基胞嘧啶(caC),和5-羟甲基尿嘧啶(hmU)作为推定的活性脱甲基中间体。我们的数据表明,一个积极的氧化mC去甲基化途径是不可能发生的。此外,我们使用HPLC-MS分析和免疫组化表明,hmC存在于所有组织和细胞类型中,在CNS的神经元细胞中浓度最高。
5–Hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) was recently detected as the sixth base in mammalian tissue at so far controversial levels. The function of the modified base is currently unknown, but it is certain that the base is generated from 5-methylcytosine (mC). This fuels the hypothesis that it represents an intermediate of an active demethylation process, which could involve further oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a formyl or carboxyl group followed by either deformylation or decarboxylation. Here, we use an ultra-sensitive and accurate isotope based LC-MS method to precisely determine the levels of hmC in various mouse tissues and we searched for 5–formylcytosine (fC), 5-carboxylcytosine (caC), and 5–hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) as putative active demethylation intermediates. Our data suggest that an active oxidative mC demethylation pathway is unlikely to occur. Additionally, we show using HPLC-MS analysis and immunohistochemistry that hmC is present in all tissues and cell types with highest concentrations in neuronal cells of the CNS.
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