The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not?
The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not?
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DOI：
10.1080/10590501.2012.705159
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Louie MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aquino NB;Sevigny MB;Sabangan J;Louie MC
在过去的半个世纪里，乳腺癌的发病率在全球范围内有所增加。各种因素——遗传和环境因素——都与这种疾病的发生和发展有关。一个尚未受到重视的潜在环境风险因素是重金属暴露。虽然已经提出了几种机制来描述高浓度重金属如何在致癌作用中发挥作用，但尚不清楚长期低水平接触某些重金属（即镉和镍）是否会直接导致癌症的发生和发展。据推测，镉和镍作为金属雌激素在乳腺癌的发展中起作用，金属雌激素与雌激素受体结合并模仿雌激素的作用。由于终生接触雌激素是乳腺癌的一个公认的风险因素，任何模仿其活动的东西都可能导致该疾病的病因。然而，根据其浓度不同，重金属能够与多种蛋白质结合，并可能通过破坏多种细胞功能来发挥其毒性，这使得重金属诱导的致癌作用是否由雌激素受体介导的分析变得复杂。本综述的目的是讨论各种流行病学，体内和体外研究，这些研究表明重金属，镉和镍与乳腺癌发展之间存在联系。我们将特别关注测试这两种金属是否作为金属雌激素的研究，以评估支持这一假设的数据的强度。
During the last half-century, incidences of breast cancer have increased globally. Various factors—genetic and environmental— have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this disease. One potential environmental risk factor that has not received a lot of attention is the exposure to heavy metals. While several mechanisms have been put forth describing how high concentrations of heavy metals play a role in carcinogenesis, it is unclear whether chronic, low-level exposure to certain heavy metals (i.e. cadmium and nickel), can directly result in the development and progression of cancer. Cadmium and nickel have been hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer development by acting as metalloestrogens— metals that bind to estrogen receptors and mimic the actions of estrogen. Since the lifetime exposure to estrogen is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, anything that mimics its activity will likely contribute to the etiology of the disease. However, heavy metals, depending on their concentration, are capable of binding to a variety of proteins and may exert their toxicities by disrupting multiple cellular functions, complicating the analysis of whether heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis is mediated by the estrogen receptor. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies that show a link between the heavy metals, cadmium and nickel, and breast cancer development. We will particularly focus on the studies that test whether or not these two metals act as metalloestrogens in order to assess the strength of the data supporting this hypothesis.
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Ariazi EA;Brailoiu E;Yerrum S;Shupp HA;Slifker MJ;Cunliffe HE;Black MA;Donato AL;Arterburn JB;Oprea TI;Prossnitz ER;Dun NJ;Jordan VC
通讯作者：
Jordan VC
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Birnbaum LS;Fenton SE
通讯作者：
Fenton SE
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Benbrahim-Tallaa L;Tokar EJ;Diwan BA;Dill AL;Coppin JF;Waalkes MP
通讯作者：
Waalkes MP
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Alonso-Gonzalez, C.;Gonzalez, A.;Mediavilla, M. D.
通讯作者：
Mediavilla, M. D.
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Allred, DC;Brown, P;Medina, D
通讯作者：
Medina, D